p2.Using Recourses

• What is carbon monoxide?

  A toxic, colourless, and odourless gas
• What respiratory problems are caused by sulfur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen?

  They cause respiratory problems in humans
• What environmental issue do particulates contribute to?

  Global dimming and health problems
• What problems are caused by increased atmospheric pollutants?

  • Respiratory issues in humans
  • Global dimming
  • Acid rain
• What do industries use Earth's natural resources for?

  To manufacture useful products
• How do chemists aim to operate sustainably?

  By minimizing resource use and waste
• What is the goal of environmental chemists?

  To study human impact on natural cycles
• What do humans use Earth's resources for?

  Warmth, shelter, food, and transport
• What role does chemistry play in sustainable development?

  Improving processes to meet current needs
• What is potable water?

  Water safe for drinking
• Why is potable water not pure water?

  It contains dissolved substances
• What is the primary source of potable water in the UK?

  Rainwater with low dissolved substances
• What are the steps to produce potable water in the UK?

  1. Choose a fresh water source
  2. Pass through filter beds
  3. Sterilize the water
• What agents are used for sterilizing potable water?

  Chlorine, ozone, or ultraviolet light
• What is required if fresh water supplies are limited?

  Desalination of salty water
• What processes can be used for desalination?

  Distillation or reverse osmosis
• What is the main challenge of desalination processes?

  They require large amounts of energy
• What is required for sewage treatment?

  Removal of organic matter and harmful microbes
• What are the steps involved in sewage treatment?

  1. Screening and grit removal
  2. Sedimentation
  3. Anaerobic digestion
  4. Aerobic biological treatment
• What is the significance of alternative methods of extracting metals?

  They avoid traditional mining methods
• What is phytomining?

  Using plants to absorb metal compounds
• How does bioleaching work?

  Bacteria produce leachate solutions
• How can copper be obtained from solutions of copper compounds?

  By displacement using scrap iron
• What is the purpose of life cycle assessments (LCAs)?

  • Assess environmental impact of products
  • Evaluate stages: extraction, manufacturing, use, disposal
• What is a challenge in conducting LCAs?

  Allocating numerical values to pollutant effects
• What can selective LCAs be misused for?

  To support advertising claims
• What is the benefit of reducing, reusing, and recycling materials?

  It reduces resource use and waste
• What are the methods of recycling materials?

  • Reuse products like glass bottles
  • Melt and recast metals
  • Separate materials based on properties
• What is corrosion?

  Destruction of materials by chemical reactions
• What is required for iron to rust?

  Both air and water
• How can corrosion be prevented?

  By applying a protective coating
• What can glass bottles be used for after being crushed?

  To make different glass products
• Why are some products recycled instead of reused?


  Because they cannot be reused
• How can metals be recycled?

  By melting and recasting or reforming
• What does the amount of separation required for recycling depend on?

  Material and properties of final product
• How can scrap steel be used in iron production?

  To reduce iron extraction from ore
• What is rusting an example of?

  Corrosion
• What two elements are necessary for iron to rust?

  Air and water
• What is an example of a protective coating for corrosion?

  Greasing, painting, or electroplating
• What does aluminium's oxide coating do?

  Protects the metal from further corrosion