Cognitive neuroscience definitions

• What is cognitive neuroscience the study of?

  Brain structures linked to mental processes
• How do individual neurons contribute to cognitive processes?

  They operate and communicate to form complex processes
• Which brain lobes are associated with episodic memory?

  Temporal and frontal lobes
• What role does the right prefrontal cortex play in cognitive neuroscience?

  It is especially linked to episodic memory
• How is cognitive neuroscience studied?

  • Analyzing the brain with neural imaging techniques
  • Studying neurobiological basis of mental processes like memory
• What does a PET scan detect?

  Presence of radioactive tracers in blood
• How does a PET scan indicate brain activity?

  By detecting blood flow to specific areas
• What happens in the brain when a patient recalls an episodic memory during a PET scan?

  Increased blood flow in temporal and frontal lobes
• What does an fMRI scan observe?

  Brain activity through metabolic function
• What prompts are used during fMRI scans?

  Questions, orders, and visual stimuli
• How does brain activity differ with various prompts in fMRI scans?

  Different activities elicit activity in various brain parts
• What type of brain damage did Phineas Gage experience?

  Frontal lobe damage
• What was the aim of Tulving's research into long-term memory (LTM)?

  To find a link between memory types and brain activities
• Which brain area showed activity during the recall of episodic memories in Tulving's research?

  Right prefrontal cortex
• Which brain area was associated with semantic memories in Tulving's research?

  Left prefrontal cortex
• What are the real-world applications of cognitive neuroscience ?

  • Used for patients with neurobiological damage
  • Helps in understanding effects of strokes on brain areas
  • Development of new therapeutics
  • Aims to remove stigma and blame
• How does damage to the parahippocampal gyrus relate to OCD?

  It resulted in the development of new therapeutics
• What specific condition can strokes affect in relation to brain areas?

  Neurobiological damage