L4.5: Levels of Disease
Cards (9)
- Sporadic Disease● Scattered about○ A disease that occurs infrequently and irregularly● Separated widely in time and place that they show no or little connection with each other● Could be the starting point of an epidemic
- Endemic Disease● The constant presence and/or usual prevalence of a disease within a geographical area● In one area● Greek Words○ En = in○ Demos = people● Usual or expected frequency of disease within a population
- Hyperendemic Disease● Refers to persistent, high levels of disease occurrence● Disease is constantly present at high incidence and/or prevalence rate○ Affects all age groups equally since amount rises above expected level● Holoendemic Disease - expresses a high level of infection beginning early in life○ Affects most of child population
- Epidemic Disease● Refers to an increase, often sudden, in the number of cases of a disease above what is normally expected● Greek words○ Epi = upon○ Demos = people● Involves unusual occurrence in the community of disease○ Clearly in excess of expected occurrence
- Disease Outbreak● Carries the same definition of epidemic but is often used for a more limited geographical area
- Disease Cluster● Refers to an aggregation of cases grouped in place and time○ Are suspected to be greater than the number expected
- Pandemic Disease● Refers to an epidemic that has spread over several countries or continents● Usually affecting a large number of people of a large portion in the population● Exotic Disease – diseases which are imported into a country in which they do not otherwise occur
- FACTORS AFFECTING INCREASE OF CASES● Recent increase in amount or virulence of agent● The recent introduction of the agent into a setting where it has not been before● An enhanced mode of transmission so that more susceptible persons are exposed
- FACTORS AFFECTING INCREASE OF CASES● A change in susceptibility of the host response to the agent● Factors that increase host exposure or involve introduction through new portals of entry