L2.1: Endogenic Processes

• ENDOGENIC PROCESSES

  - Processes that are caused by forces within the Earth. An example of this are earthquakes, volcanism, faulting, and plate tectonics. Has an internal origin.

  - High temperature and pressure.
• Internal Heat Source

  ● Primordial Heat

  ● Radiogenic Heat
• ● Primordial Heat

  ○ The heat that was left over after the Earth was created is known as primordial heat. Our planet was created by the collision of rocks and dust four and a half billion years ago. it converted its kinetic energy (the energy of motion) into thermal energy, and this process produces a lot of heat (heat).

  ○ Rocks hitting each other repeatedly throughout time causes friction and eventually turns into heat.
• ● Radiogenic Heat

  ○ The planet is like a thermal engine since some naturally occurring isotopes in Earth's interior emit heat when they decay.

  ○ Radioactive decay: the process of an atomic nucleus spontaneously breaking down and releasing its energy and matter.

  ○ Potassium isotope 40, and uranium isotopes 235, 238, and 232 are a few of the isotopes. There are other radioactive isotopes on Earth as well, but because of their low quantity and limited heat capacity, they are not as important in the generation of heat.
• Heat Transfer

  ● Conduction

  ● Convection

  ● Convection Current
• ● Conduction

  ○ Heat energy is transferred through the mechanism of conduction when nearby atoms or molecules collide. In solids and liquids, where particles are more closely spaced, conduction happens more easily than in gases, where particles are more widely spaced.
• ● Convection

  ○ Heat is transferred by convection, which is the large-scale movement of molecules inside gases and liquids. Conduction is used to move heat from the object to the fluid initially, but the fluid motion is responsible for the bulk of the heat transfer.
• ● Convection Current

  ○ Heat transmission must take place due to the difference in temperature between the mantle's upper and lower limits. Convection also takes place in the mantle, despite the fact that conduction seems to be the more evident way to transport heat. Near the center, the warmer, less compact rock material steadily rises.
• ● Convection Current

  ○ Rock from higher in the mantle, which is somewhat colder, progressively descends toward the mantle. Warmer material that is ascending cools as it does so, ultimately being pushed aside by warmer material that is rising and sinking back into the core.