Variety of living organisms

• Why do excretory products need to be removed from the body?

  They can be toxic and harmful if accumulated
• What are the features of eukaryotic organisms?

  • Membrane-bound organelles
  • Examples: plants, animals, fungi, protoctists
• What are the features of prokaryotic organisms?

  • No membrane-bound organelles
  • Example: bacteria
• What is a pathogen?

  A disease-causing organism
• What are the four types of eukaryotic organisms?

  Plants, animals, fungi, protoctists
• How do plants differ from animals in terms of cell characteristics?

  Plants have chloroplasts and cell walls
• What are the characteristics of fungi?

  They cannot photosynthesize and have chitin walls
• Provide examples of fungi.

  Yeast, Mucor
• What are the features of protoctists?

  Most are unicellular; some are multicellular
• What is the classification of viruses?

  They are considered non-living organisms
• What do eukaryotic cells contain?

  Membrane-bound organelles like nucleus and mitochondria
• What do prokaryotic cells lack?

  Membrane-bound organelles
• What is the main carbohydrate stored in animals?

  Glycogen
• Where is glycogen mainly stored in animals?

  In the liver and muscles
• What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

  Carbon dioxide + Water → Glucose + Oxygen
• What is the balanced symbol equation for photosynthesis?

  6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
• What is the role of chloroplasts in plants?

  They trap sunlight for photosynthesis
• What is the main carbohydrate stored in plants?

  Starch or Sucrose
• What is the function of the mycelium in fungi?

  It absorbs nutrients from the environment
• How do fungi obtain their nutrients?

  Through saprotrophic nutrition
• What is the genetic material found in bacteria?

  Circular DNA called plasmids
• Can some bacteria carry out photosynthesis?

  Yes, some bacteria can photosynthesize
• What is an example of a pathogenic protoctist?

  Plasmodium, which causes malaria
• What are the key features of bacteria?

  Single-celled, smaller than plant cells
• What is the function of the flagellum in bacteria?

  It aids in movement
• What is an example of a bacterium used in yogurt production?

  Lactobacillus bulgaricus
• What is the role of plasmids in bacteria?

  They carry additional genetic information
• What is the structure of a bacterial cell?

  Cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, plasmids
• What is the function of the capsule in bacteria?

  It protects the bacterium from the immune system
• What is the function of the ribosome in bacterial cells?

  It synthesizes proteins
• What is the role of the cytoplasm in bacterial cells?

  It is where metabolic processes occur
• What is the function of the cell membrane in bacteria?

  It regulates what enters and exits the cell
• What is the role of the nucleoid in bacteria?

  It contains the bacterial DNA
• What is the function of the vacuole in plant cells?

  It stores nutrients and waste products
• What is the role of the mitochondrion in cells?

  It produces energy through respiration
• What is the function of the cell wall in plant cells?

  It provides structure and support
• What is the role of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells?

  It contains the cell's genetic material
• What is the function of chlorophyll in plants?

  It absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis
• What is the role of the contractile vacuole in protoctists?

  It regulates water balance
• What is the function of pseudopods in amoeba?

  They help in movement and feeding