minority influence

• What is minority influence?

  A form of social influence where a small group influences a larger group to change their attitudes or behaviors.
• What type of process occurs in minority influence?

  A process of conversion occurs rather than compliance.
• How does minority influence affect the processing of information?

  It leads to a deeper level of processing that tends to outlast the group's presence.
• Who proposed the four behavioral styles for successful minority influence?

  Moscovici proposed the four behavioral styles.
• What are the four behavioral styles proposed by Moscovici for effective minority influence?

  • Consistency
  • Commitment
  • Flexibility
  • Relevance to society
• What is synchronic consistency in minority influence?

  It refers to people in the minority all saying the same thing.
• What does diachronic consistency mean in the context of minority influence?

  It means that the minority has been saying the same thing for a long time.
• How does consistency in a minority's views affect the majority?

  It increases the amount of interest from other people.
• Why is commitment important in the influence process of a minority?

  It suggests certainty, confidence, and courage in the face of a hostile majority.
• How does the degree of commitment differ between minority and majority groups?

  The degree of commitment is generally higher for the minority than for the majority.
• What effect does a greater degree of commitment in a minority have on the majority?

  It makes the minority more likely to persuade majority members to take them seriously.
• What is the augmentation principle in minority influence?

  It refers to the increased interest from majority group members due to the minority's commitment.
• How does flexibility affect the perception of a minority by the majority?

  Flexibility can make the minority appear more moderate and reasonable to the majority.
• What happens if a minority is seen as inflexible and uncompromising?

  They are unlikely to change the views of the majority.
• What is the overall effect of consistency, commitment, and flexibility in minority influence?

  They make people think about the topic and can lead to conversion.
• What is the snowball effect in the context of minority influence?

  It refers to the faster rate of conversion as more people switch from the minority to the majority view.
• What must society be ready for in order to accept change championed by a minority group?

  Society must be ready to accept the change the minority group is advocating for.
• Why was gay marriage not accepted by the majority in the 1950s?

  Because being gay was classified as a mental illness at that time.
• What was the sample size of Moscovici's study?

  172 female participants from America.
• What is a limitation of Moscovici's study regarding generalizability?

  The results cannot be generalized to other populations.
• Why can't we conclude that male participants would respond to minority influence in the same way as females?

  Because females are more likely to conform than males.
• What ethical concern is raised regarding Moscovici's study?

  Participants were deceived about the true nature of the study.
• Why was deception necessary in Moscovici's experiment?

  It was required to achieve valid results.
• What are the limitations of minority influence studies conducted in laboratories according to Sampson (1991)?

  • Participants are rarely 'real groups'
  • Often a collection of students who do not know each other
  • Involvement in artificial tasks
  • Different from minority groups in wider society
• What was the focus of Nemeth's (1986) investigation?

  He investigated the idea of flexibility in minority influence.
• What were the two conditions in Nemeth's study regarding compensation for a victim?

  One condition was inflexible and the other was flexible.
• What did Nemeth find regarding the inflexible condition in his study?

  The minority had little or no effect on the majority in the inflexible condition.
• What does Nemeth's research highlight about flexibility and consistency in minority influence?

  It highlights the importance of flexibility while questioning the idea of consistency.
• What percentage of committed opinion holders did Xie et al. (2011) find necessary to influence a majority?

  10% of committed opinion holders was necessary.
• What must the minority also be in order to be successful, according to Xie et al. (2011)?

  The minority must also be consistent in their viewpoint.