Definitions

• What is addition polymerisation?


  A reaction forming large molecules from monomers
• What functional group do alcohols contain?

  OH
• What are the first four alcohols in the homologous series?


  • Methanol
  • Ethanol
  • Propanol
  • Butanol
• What distinguishes alkenes from alkanes?


  Alkenes have a double bond between carbons
• What do amino acids contain?


  Two different functional groups
• How do amino acids react to form polypeptides?


  By condensation polymerisation
• What functional group do carboxylic acids contain?


  COOH
• What are the first four carboxylic acids in the homologous series?


  • Methanoic acid
  • Ethanoic acid
  • Propanoic acid
  • Butanoic acid
• What is catalytic cracking?


  Heating long-chain hydrocarbons over a catalyst
• What happens during combustion of hydrocarbons?


  Carbon and hydrogen are oxidised
• What are the products of complete combustion of hydrocarbons?


  Water and carbon dioxide
• What is crude oil?


  A finite resource found in rocks
• What is the origin of crude oil?


  Remains of ancient biomass, mainly plankton
• What are most compounds in crude oil?


  Hydrocarbons
• What is condensation polymerisation?


  Monomers with two functional groups react
• What is cracking?


  Breaking down larger hydrocarbons into smaller ones
• What are the two methods of cracking?


  • Catalytic cracking
  • Steam cracking
• What does DNA encode?


  Genetic instructions for living organisms
• What is the structure of most DNA molecules?


  Two polymer chains in a double helix
• What are nucleotides?


  The monomers which make up DNA
• What are esters a product of?


  A condensation reaction between acid and alcohol
• What is fermentation?


  A process breaking down glucose anaerobically
• What is fractional distillation used for?


  Separating substances by boiling points
• What defines a homologous series?


  Compounds with the same functional group
• What are hydrocarbons made of?


  Hydrogen and carbon atoms only
• What are polyesters?


  Polymers containing the ester functional group
• What are polymers?


  Large molecules made from small monomers
• What is a polypeptide?


  A chain of amino acids
• What is a repeat unit in a polymer?


  The part that produces the complete polymer chain
• How does steam cracking work?


  Hydrocarbon vapour is mixed with steam and heated