Economic + military alliances

• NATO:

  • Article 5 - an attack one one is an attack on all
• NATO:

  • Does military excercises in each other's countries, often in Baltic states
• NATO:

  • Article 5 only invoked once - Afghanistan 2001
• NATO:

  • Over reliance on the US who keeps on threatening to pull out
• ANZUS:

  • Australia, New Zealand, US
  • Cooperate on matters in the Pacific but AU + NZ also sent troops to Afghanistan
• ANZUS:

  • US maintains military influence in the pacific and is the backbone of the group
• EU:

  • Free movement, free trade, common currency and EU law. Aims to reduce poverty between richest and poorest nations.
• Romania joined EU in 2007

  GDP / capita: $8,360 (2007)

  GDP / capita: $15,692 (2023)
• EU:

  • A big block and encourages free trade - boosts economies and reduces inequality
• EU:

  • Internal disagreements on migration policies (Germany), EU military and Brexit
• USMCA:

  • US, Mex, CA
  • Economic trade agreement
• USMCA:

  • Strong TRIP protections favouring pharmacutical companies
• USMCA:

  • Digital trade (data) can travel between countries without tariffs
• USMCA:

  • Cheap labour from Mexico which benefits the US.
• ASEAN:

  • 10 SE Asian countries
• ASEAN:

  • Encourages cooperations and economic growth between the countries
• ASEAN:

  • All NEE so little diversity