Week 10

    Cards (33)

    • What is viral gastroenteritis commonly known as?
      Stomach flu
    • How common is gastroenteritis worldwide?
      Very common disease worldwide
    • How many people experience diarrhoea daily due to gastroenteritis?
      200 million people
    • What is the annual death toll from gastroenteritis globally?
      3-5 million deaths annually
    • What types of pathogens can cause gastroenteritis?
      Bacteria, viruses, and protozoa
    • Name a common bacterial cause of gastroenteritis.
      Salmonella
    • Which virus is a common cause of gastroenteritis outbreaks?
      Norovirus
    • What is the impact of diarrheal diseases in low-income countries?
      Top 5 causes of death
    • How have deaths from diarrheal diseases changed from 2000-2019?
      Substantial decline in deaths
    • What is the primary symptom of gastroenteritis?
      Diarrhoea and/or vomiting
    • How do gastroenteritis viruses primarily transmit?
      Oral-faecal route
    • What complicates the diagnosis of gastroenteritis viruses?
      Many viruses don’t grow easily in labs
    • What is the best approach to prevent gastroenteritis?
      HACCP guidelines for food safety
    • What family does rotavirus belong to?
      Reoviridae family
    • What is the structure of rotavirus?
      Non-enveloped with double-stranded RNA
    • How does rotavirus replicate?
      Hit-and-run replication strategy
    • What is the primary impact of rotavirus infection on the intestine?
      Disrupts water absorption
    • What is the primary treatment for rotavirus infection?
      Rehydration therapy
    • Why are children more susceptible to rotavirus?
      They have immature immune systems
    • What is the economic burden of rotavirus in the US?
      Approximately $1 billion annually
    • How does natural rotavirus infection affect immunity?
      Does not provide long-lasting immunity
    • What is the leading cause of non-bacterial gastroenteritis?
      Norovirus
    • What percentage of gastroenteritis cases in the UK are due to norovirus?
      Around 45%
    • What contributes to the high transmissibility of norovirus?
      Small number of viral particles needed
    • What is the typical duration of norovirus symptoms?
      2-3 days
    • What is a significant challenge in developing norovirus vaccines?
      Antigenic drift and many strains
    • What is the structure of astroviruses?
      Non-enveloped, small, icosahedral
    • How are astroviruses primarily transmitted?
      Faecal-oral route
    • What is the primary demographic affected by astrovirus infections?
      Young children and elderly
    • How can astrovirus be diagnosed?
      Electron microscopy and ELISA
    • What is the primary transmission route for adenovirus?
      Faecal-oral route
    • Which adenovirus serotypes specifically target intestinal cells?
      Serotypes 40 and 41
    • What is the significance of adenovirus presence in water?
      Indicator of faecal contamination