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Medical Microbiology
Week 10
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Created by
Harsimran Kaur
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Cards (33)
What is viral gastroenteritis commonly known as?
Stomach flu
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How common is gastroenteritis worldwide?
Very common
disease worldwide
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How many people experience diarrhoea daily due to gastroenteritis?
200 million
people
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What is the annual death toll from gastroenteritis globally?
3-5 million
deaths annually
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What types of pathogens can cause gastroenteritis?
Bacteria
,
viruses
, and
protozoa
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Name a common bacterial cause of gastroenteritis.
Salmonella
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Which virus is a common cause of gastroenteritis outbreaks?
Norovirus
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What is the impact of diarrheal diseases in low-income countries?
Top 5
causes of death
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How have deaths from diarrheal diseases changed from 2000-2019?
Substantial
decline in deaths
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What is the primary symptom of gastroenteritis?
Diarrhoea
and/or
vomiting
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How do gastroenteritis viruses primarily transmit?
Oral-faecal
route
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What complicates the diagnosis of gastroenteritis viruses?
Many viruses don’t grow easily in
labs
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What is the best approach to prevent gastroenteritis?
HACCP
guidelines for food safety
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What family does rotavirus belong to?
Reoviridae
family
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What is the structure of rotavirus?
Non-enveloped with
double-stranded RNA
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How does rotavirus replicate?
Hit-and-run
replication strategy
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What is the primary impact of rotavirus infection on the intestine?
Disrupts
water absorption
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What is the primary treatment for rotavirus infection?
Rehydration therapy
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Why are children more susceptible to rotavirus?
They have immature
immune systems
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What is the economic burden of rotavirus in the US?
Approximately
$1 billion
annually
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How does natural rotavirus infection affect immunity?
Does not provide long-lasting immunity
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What is the leading cause of non-bacterial gastroenteritis?
Norovirus
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What percentage of gastroenteritis cases in the UK are due to norovirus?
Around
45%
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What contributes to the high transmissibility of norovirus?
Small number of
viral
particles needed
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What is the typical duration of norovirus symptoms?
2-3
days
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What is a significant challenge in developing norovirus vaccines?
Antigenic drift
and many
strains
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What is the structure of astroviruses?
Non-
enveloped
, small,
icosahedral
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How are astroviruses primarily transmitted?
Faecal-oral
route
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What is the primary demographic affected by astrovirus infections?
Young
children and
elderly
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How can astrovirus be diagnosed?
Electron microscopy
and
ELISA
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What is the primary transmission route for adenovirus?
Faecal-oral
route
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Which adenovirus serotypes specifically target intestinal cells?
Serotypes
40
and
41
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What is the significance of adenovirus presence in water?
Indicator
of
faecal
contamination
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