Social learning theory

• positive reinforcement 


  gaining a reward that gives a feeling of pleasure or satisfaction following a behaviour - increases the likelihood of the behaviour being repeated
• negative reinforcement 


  behaving to remove or avoid an unpleasant outcome - increase in the likelihood of the behaviour being repeated
• positive punishment 


  gaining an unpleasant outcome following a behaviour - less likely to be repeat that behaviour
• negative punishment 


  when something desired is taken away following a behaviour - less likely to repeat that behaviour
• Imitation 


  Occurs when a learner copies the behaviour they observe being carried out by a model. It is more likely to occur when the observer identifys with the model
• modelling 


  either an observer imitates the behaviour of a model or a model demonstrates a behaviour that may be imitated by an observer
• observation 


  actively attending to and watching (or listening to) the behaviour of others (models)
• social learning 


  a form of learning in which behaviours are acquired through observation, modelling, imitation and vicarious reinforcement
• vicarious reinforcement/ learning 


  occurs when a learner observes a models behaviour being reinforced