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Biopsychology
Localisation of function in the brain
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Cards (45)
Who discovered that specific areas of the brain are associated with functions?
Paul Broca
and
Karl Wernicke
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What did Broca and Wernicke argue against?
The
holistic theory
of the brain
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What is the term for the idea that different brain parts perform different tasks?
Localisation of function
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What happens if a certain area of the brain is damaged?
The
function
associated with that area is affected
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What is the outer layer of both hemispheres called?
Cerebral cortex
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How is the cortex of both hemispheres subdivided?
Into four
lobes
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What are the four lobes of the brain?
Frontal
,
parietal
,
occipital
,
temporal
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What is a lobe in the context of the brain?
A part of an
organ
that is separate
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What does each lobe in the brain associate with?
Different
functions
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Where is the motor area located?
Back of the
frontal lobe
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What does the motor area control?
Voluntary movement in the
opposite
body side
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What may result from damage to the motor area?
Loss of control over
fine movements
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Where is the somatosensory area located?
Front of both
parietal lobes
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What separates the somatosensory area from the motor area?
A valley called the
central sulcus
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What type of information does the somatosensory area represent?
Sensory information from the
skin
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What does the amount of somatosensory area devoted to a body part indicate?
Its
sensitivity
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Which body parts occupy over half of the somatosensory area?
Face
and
hands
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Where is the visual area located?
In the
occipital lobe
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How does each eye send information to the visual cortex?
Right
visual field to
left
cortex, vice versa
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What can damage to the left hemisphere cause?
Blindness in part of the right visual field
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What area do the temporal lobes house?
Auditory area
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What does the auditory area analyze?
Speech-based
information
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What may result from damage to the auditory area?
Partial
hearing loss
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How does the extent of damage to the auditory area affect hearing loss?
The more
extensive
the damage, the more loss
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What specific area in the temporal lobe affects language comprehension?
Wernicke's area
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What effect does damage to Wernicke's area have?
Affects ability to
comprehend
language
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Which hemisphere is language primarily restricted to in most people?
Left hemisphere
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Who identified Broca's area?
Paul Broca
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What is the function of Broca's area?
Responsible for
speech production
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What is Broca's aphasia characterized by?
Slow
,
laborious speech lacking fluency
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What was the name of Broca's most famous patient?
Tan
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What difficulties do people with Broca's aphasia face?
Difficulty with
prepositions
and conjunctions
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Who was describing language understanding issues around the same time as Broca?
Karl Wernicke
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What is the main issue faced by individuals with Wernicke's aphasia?
Severe difficulties understanding
language
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What is Wernicke's area responsible for?
Language understanding
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How does Wernicke's aphasia differ from Broca's aphasia?
Wernicke's aphasia has
fluent
but meaningless speech
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What do people with Wernicke's aphasia often produce?
Nonsense words (
neologisms
)
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In which lobe is Wernicke's area located?
Left temporal lobe
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Localisation of function
is the theory that different
areas of the brain
are responsible for specific
behaviours
, processes or activities.
the
motor area
is a region of the
frontal lobe
involved in regulating movement
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