Multistore model of memory

• What are the three main types of memory stores in the multi-store model (MSM)?

  Sensory register, short-term memory, long-term memory
• Who devised the multi-store model (MSM) of memory?

  Atkinson and Shiffrin
• What was the significance of the multi-store model (MSM) in psychology?

  It was the first cognitive explanation for memory
• What does the multi-store model (MSM) explain about memory?

  How information flows through storage systems
• What are the three characteristics that differ among the memory stores in the MSM?

  Coding, capacity, duration
• What is the first storage system within the MSM?

  Sensory register
• How does information enter the sensory register?

  Through the sense organs
• Is the sensory register under cognitive control?

  No, it is an automatic response
• What happens to information in the sensory register that is not attended to?

  It is lost quickly
• How is information coded in the sensory register?

  In its raw, unprocessed form
• What is the echoic store responsible for?

  Auditory information
• What is the iconic store responsible for?

  Visual information
• What happens to information that is paid attention to in the sensory register?

  It passes to short-term memory
• What is the capacity of the sensory register?

  Very large/unlimited
• What is the duration of information in the sensory register?

  Less than half a second
• How does the duration of sensory stores vary?

  It decays at different rates
• What is the role of short-term memory (STM)?

  To temporarily store information from the sensory register
• How is information coded in short-term memory (STM)?

  In a form that STM can easily deal with
• What is the main form of coding in STM?

  Acoustic (by sound)
• How can the capacity of STM be increased?

  By chunking information
• What is the typical capacity of short-term memory?

  5-9 items
• What is the duration of information in short-term memory?

  18-30 seconds
• How can the duration of STM be extended?

  Through rehearsal (repetition)
• What is long-term memory (LTM) responsible for?

  Storing information over lengthy periods
• How long does information need to be stored to be considered LTM?

  Longer than 30 seconds
• What types of memories exist within long-term memory?

  Several different types, including procedural and episodic
• How does the strength of long-term memories vary?

  Some are strong and easily retrievable
• What is the main form of coding in long-term memory?

  Semantic (based on meaning)
• What is the capacity of long-term memory?

  Unlimited
• How does the duration of long-term memory vary?

  It can last a lifetime
• What is the role of rehearsal in memory?

  To transfer information into long-term memory
• What are the two types of rehearsal?

  Maintenance rehearsal and elaborative rehearsal
• What is maintenance rehearsal?

  It maintains information in short-term memory
• What is elaborative rehearsal?

  Linking information to existing knowledge
• What is a criticism of the multi-store model (MSM)?

  It is oversimplified and assumes single stores
• What does the serial position effect demonstrate?

  Better recall of words at the beginning and end
• What is the primacy effect?

  Better recall of words at the beginning
• What is the recency effect?


  Better recall of words at the end
• What does research by Peterson and Peterson (1959) suggest about STM duration?

  STM duration is between 18 and 30 seconds
• What did Baddeley's research indicate about coding in STM and LTM?

  STM codes acoustically, LTM codes semantically