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Biology
B1
DNA
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Cards (29)
what does DNA stand for
DeoxyriboNucleic Acid
what is a chromosome
long
DNA
molecule with part of the
genetic material
of an organism
where in the cell are chromosomes found
the nucleus
how many chromosomes does the typical human cell have
46
how many pairs of chromosomes are there in a typical human cell
23
what is the basic structure of DNA
polymer
made up of
2
strands wrapped around each other to form a
double helix
sex chromosomes
the
23rd
pair of
chromosomes
determine whether someone is male or
female
female sex chromosomes
XX
male sex chromosomes
XY
whats a gene
small section of
DNA
on a
chromosome
each gene codes for a particular sequence of
amino
acids to make a specific
protein
whats the genome of an organism
the entire
genetic material
of that
organism
how could understanding the human genome help science
will allow scientists to search for
genes
linked to different
diseases
could help us understand and
treat
inherited disorders
could be used in
tracing
human
migration
patterns from the
past
what is an allele
different versions
of a particular
gene
how many alleles of each gene does an individual have
2
homozygous
both
alleles
of the gene are
identical
/ the
same
(
HH
)
heterozygous
2 alleles of the gene are
different
(
Hh)
dominant
allele
an allele that is always expressed, even if there is only on copy of that allele
recessive
allele
an allele which is only expressed if there are 2 copies of it
genotype
an individuals collection of
genes
the 2
alleles
present for a particular
gene
phenotype
the
characteristics
an organism has as a result of their
genotype
(and
enviroment
)
DNA is a
polymer
what are the monomers that combine to form DNA
nucleotides
4 bases that make DNA
Adenine
(A)
Thymine
(T)
Guanine
(G)
Cytosine
(C)
what is a complementary base pairing
the idea that
DNA
bases
always pair up in a
similar
way
which base does Adenine always pair with
Thymine
which base will Guanine always pair with
Cytosine
how many bases are required to code for an amino acid
3
what do we call a set of 3 bases which code for an amino acid
a
triplet
or codon
3 uses of proteins
enzymes
hormones
structural
proteins
(THERE ARE MORE)