DNA

Cards (29)

  • what does DNA stand for
    DeoxyriboNucleic Acid
  • what is a chromosome
    long DNA molecule with part of the genetic material of an organism
  • where in the cell are chromosomes found
    the nucleus
  • how many chromosomes does the typical human cell have
    46
  • how many pairs of chromosomes are there in a typical human cell
    23
  • what is the basic structure of DNA
    polymer made up of 2 strands wrapped around each other to form a double helix
  • sex chromosomes
    the 23rd pair of chromosomes
    determine whether someone is male or female
  • female sex chromosomes
    XX
  • male sex chromosomes
    XY
  • whats a gene
    small section of DNA on a chromosome
    each gene codes for a particular sequence of amino acids to make a specific protein
  • whats the genome of an organism
    the entire genetic material of that organism
  • how could understanding the human genome help science
    1. will allow scientists to search for genes linked to different diseases
    2. could help us understand and treat inherited disorders
    3. could be used in tracing human migration patterns from the past
  • what is an allele
    different versions of a particular gene
  • how many alleles of each gene does an individual have
    2
  • homozygous
    both alleles of the gene are identical/ the same (HH)
  • heterozygous
    2 alleles of the gene are different (Hh)
  • dominant allele 

    an allele that is always expressed, even if there is only on copy of that allele
  • recessive allele 

    an allele which is only expressed if there are 2 copies of it
  • genotype
    1. an individuals collection of genes
    2. the 2 alleles present for a particular gene
  • phenotype
    the characteristics an organism has as a result of their genotype (and enviroment)
  • DNA is a polymer
  • what are the monomers that combine to form DNA
    nucleotides
  • 4 bases that make DNA
    1. Adenine (A)
    2. Thymine (T)
    3. Guanine (G)
    4. Cytosine (C)
  • what is a complementary base pairing
    the idea that DNA bases always pair up in a similar way
  • which base does Adenine always pair with
    Thymine
  • which base will Guanine always pair with
    Cytosine
  • how many bases are required to code for an amino acid
    3
  • what do we call a set of 3 bases which code for an amino acid
    a triplet or codon
  • 3 uses of proteins
    1. enzymes
    2. hormones
    3. structural proteins (THERE ARE MORE)