Health and human rights

• What does human development mean?

  Improvement in society and opportunities
• How is human development typically understood?

  More developed countries provide better life
• What characterizes a developing country?

  Low level of human development
• What characterizes an emerging country?

  Medium or high level of human development
• What characterizes a developed country?

  Very high level of human development
• What actions do governments and organizations take to promote human development?

  Make policies, carry out programs, invest money
• Who typically carries out human development initiatives?

  Governments or organizations from developed countries
• What is a contested idea in human development?

  Disagreement on what improvement means
• How do political and cultural viewpoints affect human development goals?

  They lead to different ideas on main goals
• What are some potential main goals of human development?

  Wealth, health, or happiness
• How can human development be pursued?

  Through various strategies depending on goals
• What does GDP stand for?

  Gross Domestic Product
• What does GDP measure?

  The total value of goods and services produced
• How does GDP indicate a country's wealth?

  It reflects the total economic output
• How have governments historically measured human development?

  Using GDP as the main metric
• What was the belief regarding a country's income and human development?

  Higher income leads to increased wealth for citizens
• What is GDP per capita?

  GDP divided by the country's population
• What does GDP adjusted for PPP account for?

  Purchasing power in different countries
• Why do people view an increase in GDP as a goal of human development?

  It is seen as a measure of economic success
• What are the implications of focusing on GDP for development policies?

  • Promotes economic growth as a priority
  • Encourages investment in industries
  • May overlook social and environmental factors
• What have some people challenged regarding human development?

  The importance of GDP
• Why do critics oppose the economy-focused approach to development?

  It doesn't provide information about quality of life
• What have people created in response to the limitations of GDP?

  Alternative measures of human development
• What does the Happy Planet Index (HPI) focus on instead of wealth?

  • Sustainable wellbeing
  • Measures of human development:
  • Wellbeing (happiness level)
  • Life expectancy (average lifespan)
  • Ecological footprint (environmental impact)
• What are the three measures used to calculate the Happy Planet Index?

  Wellbeing, life expectancy, ecological footprint
• How does wealth relate to other measures of development?

  The relationship is complex
• What trend is observed in wealthy countries regarding life expectancy?

  They tend to have higher life expectancies
• Do wealthy countries always perform well in wellbeing or ecological footprint?

  No, they don't always perform well
• What was Vanuatu's GDP ranking in 2021?

  Relatively small GDP
• What was Vanuatu's rank in the Happy Planet Index in 2021?

  2nd out of 140 countries
• Why did Vanuatu rank high on the Happy Planet Index?

  Partly due to its high wellbeing score
• What is Luxembourg's rank on the Happy Planet Index?

  143rd
• Why does Luxembourg perform poorly on the Happy Planet Index?

  Due to its large ecological footprint
• How do Luxembourg's scores compare on life expectancy and wellbeing to its HPI ranking?

  High scores but low HPI ranking
• What model of development did Bolivia's socialist government propose?

  A different model of development
• What is the dominant model of development based on?

  Increasing a country's wealth
• How has the dominant model of development been challenged?

  By ideas from other cultures and political systems
• What economic issues did Bolivia face between the late 1970s and early 2000s?

  Fluctuating economy and high unemployment
• What action did the Bolivian government take in response to IMF pressure?

  Sold off some industries and resources
• What is the term for selling off government industries and resources?

  Privatisation