Paper 3 - Crime & deviance + theory and methods

• Utilitarian crime- Crime committed for material gain e.g Theft, Fraud
• Non- Utilitarian crime- Crime or deviance with no aim for material gain e.g Vandalism, Truancy, Fighting 
• Victimology: The study of the victim's role in criminal events
• Crime


  An act which breaks the law (and is punished by the legal system).
• Deviance


  Behaviour that violates social norms and expectations.
• Social Control


  Attempts by society to regulate people's thoughts and beahviour
• Right realism suggests that inadequate socialisation is one cause of crime.
• Merton's 5 responses to strain/ modes of adaptation:

  1. Conformity
  2. Innovation
  3. Ritualism
  4. Retreatism
  5. Rebellion
• Zemiology

  Actions should be regarded as criminal based on the HARM they cause rather than whether they break a law.