Long Term Memory model (Tulving)

• Procedural memory


  How to do things. It does not involve conscious thought is not declarative. For example, procedural memory would involve knowledge of how to ride a bicycle.
• Semantic memory


  Is a part of the long-term memory responsible for storing information about the world. This includes knowledge about the meaning of words, as well as general knowledge. For example, London is the capital of England. It involves conscious thought and is declarative. Semantic memories usually start as episodic memories but progressively lose their association.
• Episodic memory

  Is a part of the long-term memory responsible for storing information about events (i.e. episodes) that we have experienced in our lives. It involves conscious thought and is declarative. An example would be a memory of our 1st day at school. It is a type of explicit memory.
• How is the episodic memory encoded?

  Seems to be perceptually encoded - they are linked to the 5 senses which is why they can be triggered by a sight or a sound or a smell.
• How is the semantic memory encoded? 


  it seems to work by using rules. For example, you might remember how to spell by applying a rule. It loses its association.
• Who created the Long Term Memory model?

  Tulving
• Clive Wearing Case Study

  • Was a conductor who go a virus which normally causes only cold sores, but in Wearing's case attacked the brain.
  • Unable to store new memories. He has also been unable to control emotions and associate memories well.
  • Memories last 20 seconds -
  • Only remembers his Wife Deborah and not his children
  • Can remember the name of the food (e.g. chicken); however he cannot link it with taste, as he has forgotten.
  • He can play the piano
  • His virus allows a good understanding of how particular areas of the brain may be linked to specific processes in memory formation.
• How does Clive Wearing Support the Tulving Model?

  It shows that the procedural memory is in a separate part of the brain from the episodic and semantic memory. This is because the virus will have not attacked the part of the procedural memory because he can still remember how to walk and play the piano. However, the fact he can’t remember any information for longer than 20 seconds and can’t remember the names of his children show his declarative memory is damaged and therefore separate to the declarative memory.