Non-Communicable diseases

• What is a risk factor

  Anything that increases the chance of someone developing a disease
• What risk factors are unavoidable

  Age + gender
• Risk factors caused by a person's own decisions are called what

  Lifestyle factors
• Give 3 risk factors

  Obesity

  Alcohol

  Smoking
• What does obesity lead to + what are the effects

  • Cardiovascular disease -> fatty deposits build up in lining of blood vessels blocking blood flow
  • Type 2 Diabetes -> blood sugar levels cant be regulated properly
  • Cancer -> uncontrolled cell division
• What does alcohol lead to + what are the effects

  • Liver Cirrhosis -> Scar tissue formed in the liver -> stops it removing toxins
• What does smoking lead to + what are the effects 


  • Cardiovascular disease (Heart Disease) -> Fatty deposits build up in lining of blood vessels -> blocks blood flow
  • Lung cancer -> mutation in cells -> uncontrolled cell division
• What can a diet with too many or too few nutrients lead to

  Malnutrition or diseases associated with a deficiency of certain nutrients
• What is scurvy caused by

  Lack of Vitamin C
• What does a lack of vitamin D cause

  Rickets/ Osteomalacia
• What are symptoms of scurvy

  • Swelling + bleeding gums
  • Muscle + joint pain
  • Tiredness
• What does a lack of protein lead to

  Kwashiorkor
• What are symptoms of kwashiorkor

  • Enlarged belly
  • Small muscle
  • Failure to grow properly
• What are symptoms of rickets

  • Soft bones
  • Curved leg bones
• What are symptoms of anaemia

  • Red blood cells smaller than normal
  • Reduced number of red blood cells
  • Tiredness
• Describe the impacts non-communicable diseases have locally

  • Areas with high obesity, smoking , excessive alcohol consumption
  • High occurrence of non-communicable diseases
  • Pressure on limited resources of local hospitals like beds, staff
• Describe the impacts non-communicable diseases have nationally

  • NHS provides resources for treatments + diseases all over UK
  • Suffering from a NC disease -> using resources provided by service + not able to work -> impacts economy
• Describe the impacts non-communicable diseases have globally

  Too high costs of NC diseases -> slow downs or prevents development of country as money goes towards health care