infection and response

Cards (91)

  • What are pathogens?
    Microorganisms that cause disease
  • What type of diseases do pathogens cause?
    Communicable (infectious) diseases
  • Can both plants and animals be infected by pathogens?
    Yes, both can be infected
  • How small are bacteria compared to body cells?
    About 1/1000th the size
  • How do bacteria make you feel ill?
    By producing toxins that damage cells
  • Are viruses considered cells?
    No, they are not cells
  • How do viruses replicate?
    Using the host cell's machinery
  • What happens to the host cell after a virus replicates?
    The cell usually bursts, releasing viruses
  • What are protists?
    Single-celled eukaryotes
  • How can some protists cause damage to organisms?
    By living on or inside them as parasites
  • What are fungi made up of?
    Hyphae and sometimes single cells
  • How do hyphae cause disease?
    By penetrating skin and plant surfaces
  • How can pathogens be spread through water?
    By drinking or bathing in dirty water
  • What is an example of a disease spread by water?
    Cholera
  • How can pathogens be spread through air?
    By being breathed in from droplets
  • What is an example of an airborne pathogen?
    Influenza virus
  • How can pathogens be spread through direct contact?
    By touching contaminated surfaces
  • What is an example of a disease spread by direct contact?
    Athlete's foot
  • What are three viral diseases you need to know about?
    • Measles
    • HIV
    • Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)
  • How is measles spread?
    By droplets from sneezes or coughs
  • What are the symptoms of measles?
    Red rash and fever
  • What complications can arise from measles?
    Pneumonia and encephalitis
  • When are most people vaccinated against measles?
    When they are young
  • How is HIV spread?
    By sexual contact or bodily fluids
  • What are the initial symptoms of HIV?
    Flu-like symptoms for a few weeks
  • What happens after the initial symptoms of HIV?
    No symptoms for several years
  • How can HIV be controlled?
    With antiretroviral drugs
  • What does HIV attack in the body?
    The immune cells
  • What is late-stage HIV infection called?
    AIDS
  • What does tobacco mosaic virus affect?
    Many species of plants
  • What symptom does TMV cause in plants?
    Mosaic pattern on leaves
  • How does TMV affect plant growth?
    Reduces photosynthesis efficiency
  • What is rose black spot?
    A fungal disease affecting roses
  • What symptoms does rose black spot cause?
    Purple or black spots on leaves
  • How does rose black spot affect plant growth?
    Reduces photosynthesis and growth
  • How is rose black spot spread?
    Through water or wind
  • How can gardeners treat rose black spot?
    Using fungicides and removing affected leaves
  • What is malaria caused by?
    A protist
  • What role do mosquitoes play in malaria?
    They are vectors for the protist
  • How does malaria spread through mosquitoes?
    By inserting the protist into blood vessels