PMT flashcards chapter 17

Cards (23)

  • What happens when a molecule absorbs infrared radiation?
    It vibrates covalent bonds more
  • What factors affect the amount of vibration of a bond?
    • Bond strength
    • Bond length
    • Mass of each atom in the bond
  • How does infrared spectroscopy work?
    Every bond has a unique vibration frequency
  • What happens to bonds during infrared spectroscopy?
    Bonds absorb radiation matching their vibration frequency
  • What does missing infrared radiation indicate in spectroscopy?
    It identifies the compound's functional group
  • What do the peaks on an infrared spectrum represent?
    Absorbance of energy from infrared radiation
  • What are the two peaks that must be present to identify a substance as carboxylic acid?
    • Broad peak at 2500 - 3300 cm<sup>-1</sup>O-H group
    • Sharp peak at 1680 - 1750 cm<sup>-1</sup> → C=O group
  • What happens inside a mass spectrometer?
    Organic compound is vaporized and ionized
  • What forms when some molecules lose an electron in a mass spectrometer?
    Molecular ions are formed
  • What effect does excess energy from ionization have on bonds?
    It makes the bonds vibrate more
  • What causes molecular ions to split in a mass spectrometer?
    Vibration causes bond weakening
  • What is the symbol of a molecular ion?
    M+
  • Is fragmentation predictable in mass spectrometry? Why?
    No, it can happen anywhere in the molecule
  • What is the molecular mass of the molecular ion equal to?
    Relative molecular mass of the compound
  • Will the molecular ion peaks of two isomers of the same compound be the same or different?

    Same
  • How is a molecular ion represented in mass spectrometry?
    It is the peak with the highest m/z ratio
  • What is the m/z value of CH<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup>?
    15
  • What is the m/z value of OH<sup>-</sup> from alcohol?
    17
  • What is the m/z value of C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub><sup>+</sup>?
    29
  • What is the m/z value of C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>7</sub><sup>+</sup>?
    43
  • What is the m/z value of C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>9</sub><sup>+</sup>?
    57
  • What are the advantages of using mass spectrometry?
    • Cheap
    • Small quantities of samples required
  • What is the main disadvantage of using mass spectrometry?
    The sample is completely destroyed