organisation

• What do cells make up?

  All living things
• What is a tissue?

  A group of specialized cells with similar functions
• Can tissues be made of more than one type of cell?

  Yes
• Give an example of a type of tissue.

  Muscular tissue
• What are organs formed from?

  Different tissues working together
• What is an example of an organ?

  The stomach
• What is the function of the stomach?

  To digest food
• What is an organ system?

  A group of organs working together
• What organ system is the stomach part of?

  The digestive system
• What is the digestive system made up of?

  Organs working together
• What do glands produce in the digestive system?

  Digestive juices containing enzymes
• What is the role of hydrochloric acid in the stomach?

  To kill bacteria and optimize pH
• Where are soluble molecules absorbed?

  In the small intestine
• What does the liver produce?

  Bile
• What is the function of bile?

  To help digest lipids
• What does the large intestine do?

  Absorbs water from undigested food
• What are enzymes?

  Biological catalysts
• What is the role of enzymes in reactions?

  To increase the rate of reaction
• What are enzymes made of?

  Protein molecules
• Why is the shape of an enzyme important?

  It determines the enzyme's function
• What is the active site of an enzyme?

  The site where the substrate binds
• What is the Lock and Key Hypothesis?

  Substrate shape fits enzyme's active site
• What happens when the substrate binds to the enzyme?

  An enzyme-substrate complex forms
• What do enzymes require for optimal function?

  Optimum pH and temperature
• What is the optimum temperature for most enzymes?

  Around 37 degrees Celsius
• What happens to enzyme activity above optimum temperature?

  It rapidly decreases and stops
• What occurs when an enzyme is denatured?

  The active site changes shape
• What is the optimum pH for most enzymes?

  7
• What happens if the pH is too high or too low?

  The enzyme may become denatured
• Why are enzymes vital in the digestive system?

  They break down molecules for absorption
• What do carbohydrases convert carbohydrates into?

  Simple sugars
• What is an example of a carbohydrase?

  Amylase
• Where is amylase produced?

  Salivary glands, pancreas, small intestine
• What do proteases convert proteins into?

  Amino acids
• What is an example of a protease?

  Pepsin
• Where are lipases produced?

  Pancreas and small intestine
• What happens to soluble glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, and glycerol?

  They enter the bloodstream for use
• What is Benedict’s test used for?

  To test for sugars
• What color does Benedict’s test turn if sugars are present?

  Brick red
• What is the iodine test used for?

  To test for starch