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Subdecks (11)
periglacial landforms
paper 1 geography
6 cards
Milankovitch
paper 1 geography
7 cards
waves
paper 1 geography
10 cards
MDGs and SDGs
paper 1 geography
7 cards
Carbon
paper 1 geography
15 cards
tectionics PTM
paper 1 geography
101 cards
PMT glaciers
paper 1 geography
63 cards
factors affecting hydrological cycle
paper 1 geography
89 cards
hydrological cycle
paper 1 geography
80 cards
tectonics risks
paper 1 geography
83 cards
paper 1 climate change geo
paper 1 geography
185 cards
Cards (718)
What is carbon considered in relation to life on Earth?
Building block of life
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How does carbon regulate global climate?
By affecting
temperature
and
acidity levels
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In which form is carbon found in the atmosphere?
Carbon dioxide
and
methane
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How is carbon stored in the hydrosphere?
As dissolved
carbon dioxide
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Where is carbon found in the lithosphere?
As
carbonates
in
limestone
and
fossil fuels
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How is carbon stored in the biosphere?
In living and dead
organisms
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Where is biological carbon stored in the cryosphere?
In
permafrost
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What are the components of the carbon cycle?
Stores: where carbon is held
Fluxes
: flows moving carbon between
stores
Processes
: mechanisms driving fluxes (e.g.,
photosynthesis
)
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What does it mean that the carbon cycle is a closed system?
The amount of carbon is
constant
and
finite
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What are the units used to measure carbon fluxes?
Petagrams
or
gigatonnes
per
year
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What happens when plants and animals die in relation to carbon?
Carbon is released back into the
atmosphere
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What maintains carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere?
An undisturbed
carbon cycle
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What can cause the carbon cycle to become unbalanced?
Release of large amounts of
carbon dioxide
quickly
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What is the geological carbon cycle focused on?
Huge
carbon stores
in rocks and sediments
Reservoir turnover rates of at least
100,000 years
Organic matter
protected from decay
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How long does it take for organic matter to turn into fossil fuels?
Millions
of years
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What processes contribute to carbon flow in the geological carbon cycle?
Volcanic eruptions
,
weathering
,
erosion
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What characterizes the bio-geochemical carbon cycle?
Fast part of the carbon cycle
Large
fluxes
and rapid reservoir turnovers
Involves
atmosphere
,
oceans
,
vegetation
, and
soils
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What are the geological stores of carbon primarily derived from?
Formation of
sedimentary
carbonate
rocks
Biologically
derived carbon in shale and coal
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What happens during the weathering of rocks in the carbon cycle?
Breakdown
of
rocks
through various
weathering
processes
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What is the result of decomposition in the carbon cycle?
Storage
of carbon from dead organisms
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How do rivers contribute to the carbon cycle?
By transporting particles to the
ocean
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What occurs during sedimentation in the carbon cycle?
Older
sediments
are buried by newer sediments
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What is metamorphosis in the context of the carbon cycle?
Transformation of
sediment
into rock under
pressure
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How long can carbon take to move between rocks and the atmosphere?
Between
100
and
200 million
years
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What percentage of ocean carbon-containing rocks comes from shell-building organisms?
80%
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How do corals and plankton contribute to limestone formation?
They form
layers
that
cement
together
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What happens to organic carbon in mud over millions of years?
It compresses to form
sedimentary rock
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Why are coal, oil, and natural gas called fossil fuels?
They formed from
organic material
remains
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What occurs when organic matter builds up faster than it decays?
It develops into
fossil fuels
instead of
shale
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What are the stages of chemical weathering in the geological carbon cycle?
Outgassing
Weathering of rocks
Decomposition
Transportation
Sedimentation
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What drives the thermohaline circulation?
Differences in
temperature
and
salinity
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What happens to warm surface waters in relation to nutrients and carbon dioxide?
They become depleted through
evaporation
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How does the thermohaline circulation help with carbon distribution?
It circulates carbon to
deeper
waters
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What is the role of the solubility cycle in the carbon cycle?
CO2
forms carbonic acid in
oceans
Reacts to form bicarbonates and carbonates
Organisms use carbonates for shells
Transforms into rocks like limestone
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What is the physical pump in the carbon cycle?
Transfer of
CO2
absorbed by
ocean's surface
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How does cold water affect CO2 absorption?
Cold
water
absorbs
more
CO2
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What happens during upwelling in the carbon cycle?
Carbon returns to the
ocean's surface
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Which soil type has a higher carbon content?
Clay-rich soils
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How much carbon have soils globally lost since 1850?
40−90 billion
tonnes
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What is carbon sequestration?
Movement of carbon into
carbon stores
Lowers the amount of carbon in the
atmosphere
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