ionic bonding

• What is an ion?

  An atom or molecule that gained or lost electrons
• Why does sodium want to lose an electron?

  To achieve a full outer shell
• How many electrons does chlorine have in its outer shell?

  Seven electrons
• What happens when sodium and chlorine react?

  Sodium gives an electron to chlorine
• What type of ion does sodium become after losing an electron?

  A positive ion (cation)
• What type of ion does chlorine become after gaining an electron?

  A negative ion (anion)
• What is the formula for sodium chloride?

  NaCl
• What are the characteristics of ionic compounds?

  • Giant structures
  • Millions of positive and negative ions
  • Regular lattice structure
  • Typically cubic shape
• What are positive ions called?

  Cations
• What happens to metal ions during ionic bonding?

  They lose electrons to become positive ions
• How can you determine the charge of a metal ion?

  By its group number in the periodic table
• What charge does sodium (Na) have as a group 1 element?

  Na+
• What charge does beryllium (Be) have as a group 2 element?

  Be2+
• What charge does aluminum (Al) have as a group 3 element?

  Al3+
• What are transition metals known for regarding their charges?

  They can have different charges
• What is the charge of iron (Fe) as a transition metal?

  Fe2+ or Fe3+
• What does a dot and cross diagram represent?

  The arrangement of electrons in ions
• When is a dot and cross diagram not drawn?

  When the outer shell is full
• What are negative ions called?

  Anions
• How do non-metal atoms like chlorine become negative ions?

  By gaining electrons
• How can you determine the charge of a non-metal ion?

  By calculating eight minus the group number
• What is the charge of chlorine (Cl) as a group 7 element?

  Cl-
• What are some common polyatomic ions and their charges?

  • CO3 2-: Carbonate
  • SO4 2-: Sulfate
  • NO 3-: Nitrate
  • OH-: Hydroxide
• What does the cross represent in a dot and cross diagram for an ion?

  The gained electron from another atom
• What does the strength of an ionic bond depend on?

  Size of ions and their charges
• Why is a bond with two plus and two minus charges stronger?

  More charge leads to greater attraction
• Why does the distance between charges affect ionic bond strength?

  Closer charges create stronger forces
• Which bond is the weakest based on charge and size?

  Single charges with larger ions
• What factors affect the strength of ionic bonds?

  1. Size of ions
  2. Amount of charge on ions
• What should you do with the first 10 elements and their ions?

  Draw dot and cross diagrams for them
• What should you explain regarding the strength of ionic bonds?

  Factors affecting bond strength and reasons