Biology N5

• Animal cell


  What cell is this ?

  
• Plant cell


  what cell is this?

  
• fungal cell


  what cell is this?

  
• Allows the entry and exit of molecules to and from the cell


  What is the function of the cell membrane?
• Controls cell activity 


  What is the function of the nucleus?
• The site of chemical reactions within the cell.


  What is the function cytoplasm?
• Helps control the water balance within the cell


  what is the function of vacuole?
• provides structure and support to the cell


  what is the function of the cell wall?
• site of photosynthesis 


  what is the function of chloroplast
• site of aerobic respiration 


  what is the function of mitochondria?
• site of protein synthesis 


  what is the function of ribosome?
• DNA which carries useful genes 


  what is the function of plasmid?
• Cellulose


  what is a plant cell wall made of?
• Cytoplasm 


  Name a structure that can be found in both bacterial and fungal cells.
• Only some (small) molecules are able to pass through the cell membrane.


  Definition of the term selective permeable
• A = phospholipids

  B = protein 


  What is structure A & B?

  
• 1 - diffusion

  2 - osmosis

  3 - active transport 


  What are the 3 ways in which molecules may pass across the cell membrane into/out of the cell?
• Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration down a concentration gradient.


  What is the definition of diffusion?
• a concentration gradient exists between areas of higher concentration and areas of lower concentrations.


  what is a concentration gradient ?
• A diffusion is a passive process, it does not require any energy to take place


  Definition of passive
• It allows the transfer of useful and waste materials in and out of the cell. It also allows the transfer of gases between the lungs and the bloodstream.


  what is the importance of diffusion?
• What is the sequence of events in mitosis?

  It involves prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
• What are chromatids?

  They are identical halves of a duplicated chromosome.
• What is the role of spindle fibres in mitosis?

  They help separate chromatids during cell division.
• Why is mitosis important for organisms?

  It provides new cells for growth and repair.
• What does mitosis maintain in cells?

  It maintains the diploid chromosome complement.
• What are stem cells?

  Unspecialised cells that can divide and differentiate.
• How do stem cells contribute to growth?

  They can differentiate into various cell types.
• What is cell specialization?

  It leads to the formation of different cell types.
• What is the hierarchy of biological organization?

  • Cells
  • Tissues
  • Organs
  • Systems
• What are diploid cells?

  Cells with two matching sets of chromosomes.
• Where can stem cells be obtained from?

  From embryos and throughout the body.
• What are multicellular organisms made of?

  More than one cell type, tissues, and organs.
• What is the function of organs in multicellular organisms?

  They perform different functions within systems.
• What does the nervous system consist of?

  The central nervous system and other nerves.
• What parts make up the central nervous system (CNS)?

  The brain and spinal cord.
• What are the three types of neurons?

  Sensory, inter, and motor neurons.
• What do receptors do in the nervous system?

  They detect sensory input or stimuli.
• How are messages transmitted between neurons?

  Through chemicals at synapses.
• What is the structure and function of a reflex arc?

  It is a neural pathway that controls reflex actions.