A01

• What is cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT)?

  A combination of cognitive therapy (a way of changing maladaptive thoughts and beliefs) and behavioural therapy (a way of changing behaviour in response to these thoughts and beliefs)
• State the two types of cognitive-behavioural therapy

  1. Beck's cognitive therapy

  2. Ellis' rational emotive behaviour therapy (REBT)
• What are irrational thoughts?

  Rational thinking is flexible and realistic, based on logic whereas irrational thinking is rigid, unrealistic and lacks internal consistency
• What is the main aim of Ellis' REBT model?

  To turn irrational thoughts into rational ones
• How does REBT extend Ellis' ABC model?

  Extends ABC model to ABCDE model:

  D - disputing irrational thoughts

  E - effects of disputing / revising beliefs
• State the three ways to dispute irrational thoughts

  1. Logical disputing

  2. Empirical disputing

  3. Pragmatic disputing
• How can disputing make a person with depression feel better?

  Helps them turn irrational thoughts into rational ones and stops them from catastrophising -> become more self-accepting
• What is the main aim of Beck's cognitive therapy?

  To identify and challenge negative schemas about the world, themselves and the future
• State and outline two methods used in CBT

  1. Keeping a diary - monitoring events where negative thoughts occur and target them

  2. Homework assignments - carry out tasks to test their irrational beliefs / negative schemas against reality ('patient as scientist') or engage in previously enjoyed activities to raise mood = behavioural element of CBT
• Why do homework assignments regard the 'patient as scientist'?

  Because the patient is encouraged to investigate the reality of their negative schemas / irrational thoughts in the way a scientist would and evaluate the evidence, e.g. recording any time they enjoyed an event