carbohydrate

• What is a carbohydrate?

  A macronutrient made by plants
• What are the functions of carbohydrates in the body?

  Main source of energy and waste removal
• What are the main sources of carbohydrates?

  Fruits, vegetables, grains, and legumes
• What is a macronutrient?

  • Nutrient required in large amounts
  • Includes carbohydrates, proteins, and fats
• What are monosaccharides?

  Single sugar units like glucose and fructose
• Name three examples of monosaccharides.

  Glucose, fructose, and galactose
• What are disaccharides?

  Two sugar units linked together
• Name three examples of disaccharides.

  Sucrose, lactose, and maltose
• What are polysaccharides?

  Many monosaccharides joined together
• Name four examples of polysaccharides.

  Starch, pectin, dextrin, and dietary fiber
• What is the main source of energy in the body?

  Carbohydrates
• What role does dietary fiber play in the body?

  Helps to get rid of waste products
• Where can glucose be found?

  Ripe fruits and vegetables
• Where can fructose be found?

  Fruits, vegetables, and honey
• Where can galactose be found?

  Milk from mammals
• Where can maltose be found?

  Barley and malt extract
• Where can sucrose be found?

  Sugar cane and sugar beet
• Where can lactose be found?

  Milk and milk products
• Where can starch be found?

  Cereals and starchy vegetables
• Where can pectin be found?

  Some fruits and root vegetables
• Where can dietary fiber be found?

  Wholegrain cereals and fruits
• What is insoluble fiber?

  Fiber that passes through undigested
• What is soluble fiber?

  Fiber that absorbs water and forms gel
• What are the effects of carbohydrate deficiency?

  Lack of energy and severe weakness
• What is the caloric value of carbohydrates?

  3.75 kcal per gram
• What are the effects of excess carbohydrate intake?

  Weight gain and obesity
• What percentage of daily energy should come from carbohydrates?

  50% from starchy, high fiber foods
• How do starches affect energy release?

  They release energy slowly after digestion
• How can unrefined carbohydrate foods help with weight loss?

  They are filling and provide zero calories
• What are 'empty foods'?

  Foods with no nutritional benefit besides energy
• What can free sugars cause?

  Dental decay and Type 2 Diabetes
• What happens with uncontrolled high blood sugar levels?

  Can lead to blindness and heart attacks
• What is the best source of sugar to eat?

  Natural sugar from whole fruits and vegetables
• What are the effects of too few carbohydrates?

  Causes hunger, dizziness, and tiredness
• What happens if the body uses fat for energy?

  Protein is used instead, causing muscle loss