Set D

• In the human digestive system, where are gut bacteria / microbes mainly found ?:

  • large intestine
• Which of the following hormones causes a reduction in the concentration of glucose in blood plasma?

  insulin
• Which one of the following structures prevents food entering the lungs when food is swallowed?

  epiglottis
• Which one of the following structures must relax to enable food to be swallowed?

  esophageal sphincter
• what increases surface area in small intestine

  • mucosal folds
  • villi
  • microvilli
  • tubular structure
• Which one of the following is the most common site for the development of an ulcer?

  duodenum
• Which one of the following cell types secretes a zymogen?

  chief cell
• What happens when a peptide hormone binds to its receptors on the cell membrane?

  • a second messenger appears in the cytoplasm
• Which one of the following is formed by the anterior pituitary gland?

  • Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
• Where is thyroglobulin found in the body

  •  thyroid follicles
• When hormones which are amino acid derivatives or peptides/proteins, the receptor molecule is located in the ______, and the second messenger molecule is located in the ______.

  • plasma membrane, cytosol
• Hormones that have receptors in the plasma membrane of the target cell:

  • are large and/or charged molecules
• Which one of the following statements about the pituitary gland is true?

  • The pituitary secretes hormones that influence peripheral endocrine organs
• Which one of the following endocrine glands produces releasing hormones and release inhibiting hormones?

  • hypothalamus
• Which one of these hormones is involved in the renal regulation of water balance?

  ADH
• How do steroid hormones exert their actions in cells?:

  • gene activation or inhibition occurs
• Which one of the following statements about Steroid hormones is true?

  • they bind to receptors in the cytoplasm or the nucleus in target cells
• Which one of the following statements about steroid hormones is CORRECT?:

  • they can freely diffuse through cell membranes
• A target cell that responds to Thyroid hormone would be expected to have which one of the following?

  • regions of DNA which bind the hormone
• Which one of the following is a stress hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland?

  • Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)
• Which one of the following is a stress hormone secreted by the cortex of the adrenal gland?:

  • cortisol
• Who coined the term ‘Fight or Flight Response’?

  • Walter Cannon