Particle model & pressure

• What is the state of molecules in a gas according to the kinetic theory?

  Molecules are in constant random motion
• How is the temperature of a gas related to its molecules?

  It relates to the average kinetic energy
• What happens to the average kinetic energy of gas molecules as the gas gets hotter?

  The average kinetic energy increases
• What occurs to the average kinetic energy when the gas cools down?

  The average kinetic energy decreases
• What does random motion of gas molecules imply?

  Molecules travel in no specific path
• What is Brownian motion?

  Random motion of tiny particles in a fluid
• How does temperature affect the motion of gas molecules?

  Higher temperature increases average speed
• What happens to the kinetic energy of gas molecules if the volume remains constant and temperature increases?

  Kinetic energy of the molecules increases
• How is pressure defined in a gas?

  Force exerted per unit area
• What occurs to the pressure of a gas when it is heated?

  Pressure increases due to more collisions

  
• What is the relationship between temperature and pressure at constant volume?

  Increase in temperature increases pressure

  
• What happens to gas molecules when they are compressed?

  Molecules collide with walls more frequently

  
• What is the effect of compressing a gas on its volume and pressure?

  Volume decreases, pressure increases
• What happens to the density of a gas when it is compressed?

  The density of the gas increases
• What is Boyle's Law in relation to pressure and volume?

  pV = constant at constant temperature
• What does Boyle's Law imply about pressure and volume?

  They are inversely proportional to each other
• If the volume of a gas decreases, what happens to the pressure?

  The pressure increases
• What is the formula to compare initial and final pressure and volume of a gas?

  P1V1 = P2V2

  
• What is the key assumption of Boyle's Law?

  Temperature and mass remain constant
• What happens to the temperature of a gas when work is done on it?

  The temperature increases
• How does compressing a gas affect its internal energy?

  It increases the internal energy
• What is an example of doing work on a gas?

  Using a bicycle pump
• What happens when gas expands?

  The gas does work and loses energy
• What happens to the temperature of gas when it expands?

  The temperature decreases
• How does the sudden expansion of carbon dioxide affect its temperature?

  It can cause the carbon dioxide to freeze
• What is the effect of work done on a gas versus work done by a gas?

  Work on gas raises temperature; work by gas lowers it