Finances

• why was finance a problem for Charles during personal rule


  - £ 2 million in debt

  - couldn't get subsidies from parliament as there was none
• what did Charles do to solve the poor finances during personal rule

  - secure peace with France 1629

  - secure peace with Spain 1630

  - reform court finance
• methods of finance during personal rule

  - custom duties including tonnage and poundage - brought £270 000 / year 1631-35 . book of rates increased crown income to £425 000 by the end of the 1630s

  - feudal dues - crown had right to run any estate of someone under 21 - wardship - brought £75 000 / yr

  - monopolies - loophole in monopoly act allowed him to grant monopolies - popish soap brought £33 000

  - recusancy fines - £5300 / yr 1620s £26 866 1634

  - distraught of knighthood - anyone with land and more than income £40 / year that wasn't a knight was fined , earned £175 000 in 1636 through this

  - forest fines - only got %70 expected - £38 667

  - by using prerogative , Charles raised income from £600 000 to £900 000
• what was ship money

  - could be collected in times of emergency to fund the navy

  - raised £200 000 a year

  - Fiennes refused to pay , there was a show trial yet nothing happened
• what was the Hampden Case 1637

  - Hampden = prominent gentry member

  - was taken to court November 1637 for refusing to pay ship money

  - created debates on wether Charles should be allowed to declare emergency to collect ship money

  - Charles won the case 7-5 judges
• Outcomes of the Hampden case 1637

  - amount collected fell by 20%

  - suspicion that money was to be used to impose laudianism on the Scots

  - payments fell TO 20% by 1639
• What was the duration of the tonnage and poundage granted to Charles?

  One year
• How much did customs duties bring Charles annually from 1631 to 1635?

  About £270,000 a year
• What was the purpose of the new Book of Rates in 1635?

  To update customs duty amounts
• How much did customs duties rise to by the end of the 1630s?

  £425,000 a year
• What are feudal dues in the context of Crown income?

  Income from estates inherited by heirs under 21
• How much did income from wardship increase to during the Personal Rule?

  About £75,000 a year
• What was the notorious grant related to soap during Charles' reign?

  The monopoly for soap to Catholics
• How much did the soap monopoly earn Charles?

  £33,000
• How did income from fines change from the 1620s to 1634?

  Increased from £5,300 to £26,866
• What was the fine for landholders without a knighthood by 1635?

  Nearly £175,000 raised
• What are forest fines?

  Fines for encroaching on royal forest land
• How did Charles impose fines on major landowners?

  Using dubious maps and documents
• What are land titles in the context of Crown income?

  Fines for renting land without clear title
• What was required to avoid fines on rented land?

  Proof of continuous occupation for 60 years