Social influences

• What is normative social Influence?


  we agree with the opinion of majority as we want to gain social approval and be liked
• what is information social influence?

  we agree with opinion of majority as we believe it is correct as we want to be correct

  TO BE RIGHT
• what is conformity?


  yielding to group pressure
• what was Asch line experiment?

  to test for conformity
• how was Asch experiment conducted?

  • Group tested 6-8
  • One person was naive rest actors
  • Actors answered incorrectly
  • obvious wrong or right answer
• what were the result of asch experiment?

  36.8% conformed across all trials

  75% conformed at least 1

  25% never gave wrong answer
• what were variables affecting conformity?

  Group size

  Increase group size increase conformity

  Unamity of majority

  everyone agrees presence of an alley conformity decrease

  difficulty of task

  unsurity increase, increase in conformity

  social judgement

  written decrease conformity as less judged
• What are the three types of conformity?

  Compliance

  Wanting group acceptance accepting view of majority eg eating veg with a group but not when not with group

  Identification

  • temporarily adopting the habits or attitudes and behaviours of a group if they value the group and wish to be included in it
  • Eg Dressing in the same style as a group of people at college

  Internalisation

  Actual acceptance of group norms

  Private opinion changes

  Eg cults and religious groups
• what was zimbardo prison experiment testing?

  Affects of authority
• how was the zimbardo prison experiment conducted?

  • 22 male undergraduates
  • psychology department in Stanford university
  • Cop and prisoner random allocation
  • Advertised news paper
  • 15 dollars a day
• Outcome of the Stanford prison experiment?

  • students embarked the roles
  • Taken seriously
  • ethically wrong
  • had to be terminated on 6th day
• what was milgrams experiment?

  test of obedience
• how was mil grams conducted?

  • 1963
  • 40 males aged between 20-50
  • learner and teacher roles
  • teacher always naive
  • 4 x prods
  • word pair testing
  • teacher could not see learner but could hear
  • learner ”punished” for every wrong answer with a fake electric shock
  • between 15-460v
• results of milgrams experiment?

  65% went up to 450v

  All participants continued to 300v
• what are situational variable affecting obedience?

  proximity

  less likely to obey if experiment not there eg over phone

  location

  in prestige’s location more likely to obey

  power of uniform

  bickmen streets of New York police officer milkman asked to pick up rubbish

  legitimacy of authority

  my Ali massacre

  agentic state
• what. is the definition of obedience?


  an individual takes a direct order
• what is meant by agent if state?

  agentic shift in responsibility eg experimenter takes responsibility
• what is ment by legitimacy of authority?

  my lai massacre

  luetenant calley told soldier to kill 400 peopl in a town in Vietnam and they did although they knew it was wrong
• what is the disposition all explanation of authoritarian personality?

  Adorno's theory

  adorns, argued that it was a type of personality susceptible to people who obey those in authority
• what was Adorno theory consist ?

  f scale used to measure authoritarian personality

  studied 2000 middle class males attitudes to racial groups
• what does the f scale measure?

  convetionalism

  authoritarian aggression

  toughness

  superstition

  stereotype
• what is minority influence?

  form of social influence to which a minority of people persuade others to adopt belief’s
• what must minority do to cause social change

  consistency

  must be consistent with view

  flexibility

  need to be able to adapt point of view and accept reasonable counter arguments

  commitment

  risk taking shows commitment

  explaining change process
• what is resisiting social influence?

  ability to withstand the social pressure to conform to majority or obey authority
• what are steps for social change?

  1. drawing attention eg protest
  2. consistency over year
  3. deeper processing
  4. augonentation principle risk their lives
  5. snowball effect over time increase strength
  6. social cryptomnesia dome people have no memory of how it occured