The need for cellular respiration

• What are living organisms composed of?

  Cells
• Why do living organisms require energy?

  To perform work and maintain life
• What are the essential types of work within organisms?

  • Transporting substances across membranes
  • Anabolic reactions
  • Movement
  • Maintaining body temperature
• What is an example of active transport in cells?

  Sodium-potassium pump
• What is an example of an anabolic reaction?

  Synthesis of DNA from nucleotides
• What is the role of the sodium-potassium pump?

  Transport sodium and potassium ions across membranes
• Which organisms maintain body temperature?

  Mammals and birds
• What is the primary source of energy for nearly all organisms?

  The sun
• How is light energy transformed in photosynthesis?

  Into chemical potential energy
• What is the equation for cellular respiration?

  glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy
• What do autotrophs do?

  Synthesize their own usable carbon compounds
• What do heterotrophs require for energy?

  Pre-made usable carbon compounds from food
• What is the relationship between autotrophs and heterotrophs?

  • Autotrophs produce organic compounds via photosynthesis
  • Heterotrophs consume these compounds for energy
• What does the law of thermodynamics state about energy?

  Energy cannot be created or destroyed
• What is an example of a reaction requiring energy in organisms?

  Movement and contraction of muscles
• How do photosynthesis and respiration relate to energy transfer?

  They transform energy from one form to another
• What is the chemical potential energy produced in cellular respiration?

  ATP
• What is the significance of carbohydrates in plants?

  They are used to synthesize ATP
• What happens to carbohydrates formed during photosynthesis?

  They are used for ATP synthesis or modified
• How do autotrophs and heterotrophs interact in ecosystems?

  Autotrophs provide energy for heterotrophs
• What is the role of the sodium-potassium pump in cellular function?

  It maintains ion gradients across membranes
• What is the process of exocytosis?

  Transporting substances out of the cell
• What is the significance of maintaining body temperature in mammals and birds?

  It allows for optimal enzyme function
• How do cells use ATP produced from respiration?

  For various energy-requiring processes
• What is the difference between autotrophs and heterotrophs in terms of energy acquisition?

  Autotrophs produce energy; heterotrophs consume it
• What is the role of chemical potential energy in cellular respiration?

  It is converted into usable energy forms
• What do plants and some small organisms do in the food chain?

  Carry out photosynthesis
• What is the outcome of respiration in living cells?

  Release of energy from organic molecules
• How does the sodium-potassium pump function in terms of ion movement?

  Moves sodium out and potassium into the cell
• What is the significance of the energy transformations in photosynthesis and respiration?

  They are essential for life processes
• What is the main product of photosynthesis?

  Organic compounds
• What is the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

  Photosynthesis stores energy; respiration releases it
• How do energy-requiring reactions relate to cellular respiration?

  They depend on ATP produced during respiration
• What is the role of ATP in cellular activities?

  It provides energy for cellular processes
• What is the byproduct of cellular respiration?

  Carbon dioxide
• What is the significance of the energy yield from glucose breakdown?

  It provides energy for cellular functions
• How do autotrophs and heterotrophs contribute to energy flow in ecosystems?

  They create and consume energy respectively
• What is the role of chemical potential energy in metabolic processes?

  It is converted into ATP for work
• What is the process of photosynthesis primarily associated with?

  Plants and some small organisms
• What is the main function of respiration in cells?

  To release energy from organic molecules