Cardiovascular system

• What type of blood flows to the ventricles of the heart?

  Oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
• What happens when the ventricles contract?

  They pump blood into the pulmonary artery or aorta
• Where does oxygenated blood come from?

  From the lungs to the body
• What type of blood is found on the right side of the heart?

  Deoxygenated blood
• What is the cardiac cycle?

  A sequence of contraction and relaxation of the heart
• What is one complete contraction and relaxation of the heart called?

  A heartbeat
• What occurs during the diastolic phase of the cardiac cycle?

  The heart chambers relax and fill with blood
• What occurs during the systolic phase of the cardiac cycle?

  The heart chambers contract and pump blood
• What happens to the atria and ventricles during diastole and systole?

  When atria are in diastole, ventricles are in systole
• What causes the heart to beat?

  Cardiac muscle is myogenic
• Where is the sinoatrial node (SAN) located?

  In the right atrium
• What is cardiac output?

  Volume of blood pumped per minute
• What does the stroke volume represent?

  Volume of blood pumped out at each heartbeat
• What is heart rate?

  Number of heartbeats per minute
• What are the three main types of blood vessels?

  • Arteries
  • Veins
  • Capillaries
• What happens to arteries as they get smaller?

  They become arterioles
• What happens to capillaries as they get bigger?

  They become venules and then veins
• What do veins do?

  Carry blood to the heart
• What do arteries do?

  Carry blood away from the heart
• What is the role of the semilunar valves in heart sounds?

  They close to create the second heart sound
• What is the role of the arterioventricular valves in heart sounds?

  They close to create the first heart sound
• How does the contraction of the ventricles relate to blood flow?

  Ventricular contraction pumps blood to lungs and body
• What is the function of the cardiac muscle?

  It initiates contraction from within itself
• What is the relationship between heart rate and cardiac output?

  Heart rate affects cardiac output volume
• What is the significance of the cardiac cycle in heart function?

  It ensures efficient blood pumping
• How do the phases of the cardiac cycle contribute to heart efficiency?

  Alternating phases optimize blood flow and pressure