Volcanic activity

• were most of volcanic activity happens at the edge of the pacific plate

  the pacific ring of fire
• volcanic activity creates 


  mid ocean ridges

  volcanic islands

  volcanic mountains
• Mid ocean ridges 


  Magma rises up from the mantle through the cracks in the crust the magma then cools hardens and builds up forming a ridge of rock
• volcanic islands 


  mountains formed when magma wells up through the cracks in the crust sometime rise above the ocean
• Volcanic mountains 


  Magma can rise from a magma chamber trough a vent. Lava, hot ash, and rocks are thrown in the air as the volcano erupts and an ash cloud forms. As eruptions happen occur layers is added until a cone shaped mountain is formed the lava continues to flow from a crater
• Parts of a volcanic

  Ash cloud

  Crater

  Volcanic cone

  Fresh lava flow

  Layers of ash and rock from previous eruptions

  Vent

  Magma chamber
• types of volcano


  active

  dormant

  extinct
• active 


  erupt regularly eg. mount Etna in sicily italy
• dormant 


  have not erupted in a long time but may erupt again eg. mount Vesuvius italy
• extinct 


  will never erupt again eg. croghan hill co offaly
• Which volcano in Italy is known for its fertility due to lava soils?

  Mount Vesuvius
• What does the term "socio-economic" refer to?

  Social and economic factors and their relationship
• What are the positive socio-economic effects of volcanoes?

  • Fertile soils for agriculture
  • Tourism at volcanic sites
  • Geothermal energy generation
• What are the negative socio-economic effects of volcanoes?

  • Poisonous gases affecting health
  • Lava flows causing destruction
  • Lahars destroying towns and villages
• What gas produced by volcanoes can poison nearby residents?

  Sulfur dioxide
• How can volcanic gases affect agriculture?

  They can cause acid rain harming crops
• What natural disaster can occur when volcanic material mixes with water?

  Lahar
• What is a significant risk associated with lava flows during a volcanic eruption?

  They can cause huge loss of human life
• What type of energy can be generated from water heated by volcanic activity?

  Geothermal energy
• What is the impact of lahars on communities?

  They can destroy towns and villages
• What does the government of Iceland promote?

  Sustainable tourism
• When did Mount St Helens erupt?

  In 1980
• What area was affected by the Mount St Helens eruption?

  600 km²
• What was the impact of the Mount St Helens eruption on wildlife?

  7,000 large animals were affected
• How many smaller animals were affected by the Mount St Helens eruption?

  Hundreds of thousands