Internal Factors - Educ Achievement

• What is labelling?


  To label someone is to attach a meaning or definition to them without taking the chance to really know them
• What is a subculture?

  A group of people with a culture that differentiates them from the larger culture to which they belong
• What is a pupil subculture?

  A group of pupils who share similar values and behavioural patterns as a response to the way they have been labelled
• What is differentiation?


  When teachers categorise pupils according to how they perceive their ability, attitudes and/or behaviour
• What is polarisation in schools?

  When pupils respond to streaming by moving towards one of two opposite extremes:

  • pro school subculture
  • anti school subculture
• What are the characteristics of pro school subculture?

  • students conform to the hidden curriculum
  • students value education
  • placed in high streams and are usually middle class
  • remain committed to school values and gain their status in the approved manner of academic success
• What are the characteristics of those in anti school subcultures?

  • rebel against the formal and hidden curriculum
  • don't value education or authority
  • usually placed in lower streams and suffer loss of self esteem
  • do this to gain status amongst their peers despite the further problems it may cause like low grades and academic failure
• How did Lacey collect his research on polarisation and school subcultures?

  • Participant and non participant observation
  • teaching and observing lessons
• How long did Lacey's field work take him?

  18 months