Factors affecting rate

• What are the factors needed for photosynthesis to occur?

  Photosynthetic pigments, CO₂, water, light, temperature
• What happens if there is a shortage of any factor needed for photosynthesis?

  Photosynthesis cannot occur at maximum rate
• What are the main external factors affecting the rate of photosynthesis?

  Light intensity, CO₂ concentration, temperature
• What are limiting factors of photosynthesis?

  Factors that reduce photosynthesis below optimum levels
• What occurs when light intensity increases while temperature and CO₂ concentration remain constant?

  The rate of photosynthesis increases
• What happens to the light-dependent stage of photosynthesis as light intensity increases?

  It occurs faster, producing more ATP and NADPH
• What does it mean when the rate of photosynthesis reaches a plateau?

  Another factor is limiting the rate of photosynthesis
• What can limit the rate of photosynthesis when light intensity is high?

  Temperature being too low or too high
• How does carbon dioxide concentration affect the rate of photosynthesis?

  The rate increases as CO₂ concentration increases
• What is the role of carbon dioxide in the Calvin cycle?

  It combines with RuBP during carbon fixation
• What happens to the rate of photosynthesis when CO₂ concentration is too low?

  The rate of photosynthesis will decrease
• What is the natural level of CO₂ in the atmosphere?

  0.04%
• What happens to the rate of photosynthesis as temperature increases?

  The rate increases until enzymes denature
• Why does temperature affect the Calvin cycle?

  Because it is enzyme-controlled
• What happens to stomata as temperature increases?

  They close to reduce water loss
• How does extreme temperature affect the light-dependent reaction?

  It can disrupt the proton gradient
• What happens to GP, TP, and RuBP concentrations with decreased light intensity?

  TP and RuBP decrease, GP slightly increases
• What is the effect of low carbon dioxide concentration on GP and TP?

  GP and TP decrease, RuBP increases
• How can agricultural practices balance limiting factors for photosynthesis?

  • Use sensors to monitor light, humidity, CO₂
  • Artificial lighting for night growth
  • Constant temperature control
  • Irrigation systems for water supply
  • Use of fertilizers for growth
  • Control pests with pesticides
• How can understanding limiting factors increase crop yields?

  • Optimize conditions for photosynthesis
  • Manage light, temperature, and CO₂ levels
  • Ensure maximum photosynthesis rates
• What should farmers consider when maintaining 24-hour lighting and heating?

  Balance between crop yield and costs
• How to interpret graphs of limiting factors in photosynthesis?

  • Increasing rate: limiting factor is on x-axis
  • Horizontal rate: another factor is limiting
  • Choose from temperature, light, or CO₂