Active transport

• What process allows substances to be absorbed against a concentration gradient?

  Active transport
• How does active transport differ from diffusion?

  Active transport moves substances against the gradient
• What is the definition of diffusion?

  Net movement from high to low concentration
• What does the term 'concentration gradient' refer to?

  Difference in concentration across a space
• What happens when a cell needs to bring in a molecule at high concentration inside?

  The cell uses active transport to absorb it
• What energy source is required for active transport?

  Energy from respiration
• What is a key feature of cells lining the human small intestine related to active transport?

  They have many mitochondria for energy
• How do sugars like glucose enter the cells of the small intestine?

  By active transport from the lumen
• What is the role of mitochondria in cells that perform active transport?

  They provide energy for the transport process
• What ions do root hair cells transport into plants?

  Magnesium ions
• Why do plants need magnesium ions?

  To make chlorophyll in leaves
• How do root hair cells use active transport?

  To move ions from soil into the cell
• What happens to ions after they enter root hair cells?

  They are transported to the xylem vessels
• What is the lumen in the context of the small intestine?

  The cavity where food is digested
• What is the significance of the concentration of sugars in the lumen compared to inside the cell?

  It is lower in the lumen than inside the cell
• How does the process of active transport benefit cells in nutrient absorption?

  It allows uptake of nutrients against the gradient
• What are the key differences between active transport and diffusion?

  • Active transport moves substances against the gradient
  • Diffusion moves substances down the gradient
  • Active transport requires energy from respiration
  • Diffusion does not require energy
• What are the examples of active transport in animals and plants?

  • In animals: Glucose absorption in the small intestine
  • In plants: Magnesium ion uptake in root hair cells