Digestive enzymes

• What should you be able to describe by the end of the video?

  Enzymes in the digestive system
• What is the role of enzymes in digestion?

  They speed up chemical reactions
• What are enzymes made of?

  Large protein molecules
• What is the active site of an enzyme?

  It is where the substrate attaches
• What is the substrate in enzyme reactions?

  The molecule that the enzyme breaks down
• What does the lock and key theory describe?

  Enzymes are specific to their substrates
• What type of enzymes break down proteins?

  Proteases
• Where are proteases found in the digestive system?

  In the stomach and pancreatic fluid
• What are proteins made of?

  Amino acids
• What happens to proteins during digestion?

  They are converted to amino acids
• What type of enzymes break down carbohydrates?

  Carbohydrases
• What is the specific enzyme that breaks down starch?

  Amylase
• Where is amylase found?

  In saliva and pancreatic fluid
• What is the structure of a lipid molecule?

  Glycerol attached to fatty acids
• What enzyme digests lipids?

  Lipase
• What does lipase produce when it digests lipids?

  Glycerol and fatty acids
• Where is lipase found?

  In pancreatic fluid and small intestine
• What is the role of bile in lipid digestion?

  It emulsifies lipid droplets
• Where is bile produced and stored?

  Produced in the liver, stored in gallbladder
• How does bile affect lipid digestion?

  It increases the surface area of droplets
• What is the pH nature of bile?

  Bile is alkaline
• How does bile help in the small intestine?

  It neutralizes stomach acids
• What is the effect of bile on the rate of lipid digestion?

  It increases the rate of digestion
• What are the main enzymes involved in digestion and their functions?

  • Proteases: Break down proteins into amino acids
  • Amylase: Breaks down starch into simple sugars
  • Lipase: Breaks down lipids into glycerol and fatty acids
• What are the key functions of bile in digestion?

  • Emulsifies lipid droplets
  • Increases surface area for lipase action
  • Neutralizes stomach acids in the small intestine