Effect ph and temp on enzymes

• What should you be able to describe by the end of the video?

  The enzymes in the digestive system
• What is the role of enzymes in digestion?

  They catalyze chemical reactions and speed them up
• What are enzymes made of?

  Large protein molecules
• What is the active site of an enzyme?

  It is where the substrate attaches
• What is a substrate in the context of enzymes?

  The molecule that the enzyme breaks down
• How does the lock and key theory relate to enzymes?

  Substrates must fit perfectly into the active site
• What type of enzymes break down proteins?

  Proteases
• Where are proteases found in the digestive system?

  In the stomach and pancreatic fluid
• What are proteins made of?

  Chains of amino acids
• What happens to proteins during digestion?

  They are converted to individual amino acids
• What type of enzymes break down carbohydrates?

  Carbohydrases
• What is the specific enzyme that breaks down starch?

  Amylase
• Where is amylase found?

  In saliva and pancreatic fluid
• What is the structure of a lipid molecule?

  Glycerol attached to three fatty acids
• What enzyme digests lipids?

  Lipase
• What products are formed when lipids are digested?

  Glycerol and fatty acids
• Where is lipase found?

  In pancreatic fluid and small intestine
• What is the role of bile in lipid digestion?

  It emulsifies lipids to increase surface area
• Where is bile produced and stored?

  Produced in the liver, stored in gallbladder
• How does bile affect lipid digestion?

  It increases the rate of lipid breakdown
• What is the significance of bile being alkaline?

  It neutralizes stomach acids in the small intestine
• What is the overall function of enzymes in the digestive system?

  To break down large food molecules into smaller ones
• What are the main types of enzymes involved in digestion?

  • Proteases: break down proteins
  • Carbohydrases: break down carbohydrates
  • Lipases: break down lipids
• What are the steps involved in the digestion of food molecules?

  1. Large food molecules are digested by enzymes.
  2. Enzymes convert them into smaller molecules.
  3. Products of digestion are absorbed into the bloodstream.
• How does bile assist in lipid digestion?

  • Emulsifies large lipid droplets into smaller ones
  • Increases surface area for lipase action
  • Neutralizes stomach acids for optimal conditions