Monoclonal antibodies

• What is a monoclonal antibody?

  A specific type of antibody produced from a single clone
• How are monoclonal antibodies produced?

  By fusing lymphocytes with tumor cells
• What type of white blood cells produce antibodies?

  Lymphocytes
• What do antibodies stick to?

  Pathogens
• What are foreign objects that trigger antibody production called?

  Antigens
• How can scientists trigger lymphocytes to produce antibodies?

  By introducing antigens into the body
• What is the purpose of using antibodies in pregnancy tests?

  To detect specific hormones in urine
• What happens when a mouse is injected with an antigen?

  Lymphocytes produce antibodies against the antigen
• What is the problem with lymphocytes in antibody production?

  They do not divide by mitosis
• What is a hybridoma?

  A cell formed by fusing a lymphocyte and a tumor cell
• Why are tumor cells used in creating hybridomas?

  They divide rapidly by mitosis
• What is the significance of selecting a single hybridoma cell?

  To produce identical monoclonal antibodies
• What do we call antibodies produced from a single hybridoma clone?

  Monoclonal antibodies
• What is a key benefit of monoclonal antibodies?

  They can target specific chemicals or cells
• What are the key facts about monoclonal antibodies?

  • Produced from a single clone of hybridoma cells
  • Specific to one binding site on one protein antigen
  • Can target specific chemicals or cells
  • Have numerous applications in medicine
• What will you find plenty of in the vision workbook related to monoclonal antibodies?

  Questions on monoclonal antibodies
• What should you be able to describe by the end of the video?

  Monoclonal antibodies and their production
• How do monoclonal antibodies differ from polyclonal antibodies?

  Monoclonal antibodies come from one clone