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Biology Unit 1
1.3 cell membranes + transport
facilitated diffusion
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Created by
Ella Titcombe
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Cards (20)
What do charged particles and large molecules struggle to pass through the cell membrane?
They are
insoluble
in
lipid
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What role do intrinsic protein molecules play in the cell membrane?
They
help
particles diffuse
in
or
out
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What are the two types of proteins that facilitate diffusion?
Channel
proteins
Carrier
proteins
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How do channel proteins assist in facilitated diffusion?
They allow
charged ions
to
pass
through
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What is a characteristic of each channel protein?
Specific
for
one
type of
ion
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What are gated channels in the context of channel proteins?
They can
open
and
close
as needed
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What do carrier proteins facilitate the diffusion of?
Larger
polar
molecules like
sugars
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What happens when a molecule attaches to a carrier protein?
The
carrier
protein
changes
shape
or
rotates
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What is the energy requirement for facilitated diffusion?
No
energy
is needed from
ATP
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How does the concentration gradient affect the rate of diffusion?
Initial
increase
as gradient
steepens
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What limits the rate of diffusion at higher concentration differences?
Channel
or
carrier
proteins being
occupied
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Why is facilitated diffusion not affected by respiratory inhibitors?
ATP
is
not
required for the process
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What is co-transport in facilitated diffusion?
Brings
molecules
and
ions
together
Uses the
same
carrier
protein
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What is the significance of sodium-glucose co-transport?
It
absorbs
glucose
and
sodium
ions
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Where does sodium-glucose co-transport occur?
In the
ileum
and kidney
nephron
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What happens when sodium ions and glucose attach to a carrier protein?
The
carrier
protein
changes shape
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What occurs after sodium ions and glucose enter the cell?
They
diffuse
separately
across
the cell
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How are sodium ions pumped out of epithelial cells?
By
active transport
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What is the effect of pumping sodium ions out of the cell?
It maintains the
concentration gradient
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How does glucose leave the epithelial cells?
By
facilitated diffusion
into the
blood
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