facilitated diffusion

Cards (20)

  • What do charged particles and large molecules struggle to pass through the cell membrane?
    They are insoluble in lipid
  • What role do intrinsic protein molecules play in the cell membrane?
    They help particles diffuse in or out
  • What are the two types of proteins that facilitate diffusion?
    • Channel proteins
    • Carrier proteins
  • How do channel proteins assist in facilitated diffusion?
    They allow charged ions to pass through
  • What is a characteristic of each channel protein?
    Specific for one type of ion
  • What are gated channels in the context of channel proteins?
    They can open and close as needed
  • What do carrier proteins facilitate the diffusion of?
    Larger polar molecules like sugars
  • What happens when a molecule attaches to a carrier protein?
    The carrier protein changes shape or rotates
  • What is the energy requirement for facilitated diffusion?
    No energy is needed from ATP
  • How does the concentration gradient affect the rate of diffusion?
    Initial increase as gradient steepens
  • What limits the rate of diffusion at higher concentration differences?
    Channel or carrier proteins being occupied
  • Why is facilitated diffusion not affected by respiratory inhibitors?
    ATP is not required for the process
  • What is co-transport in facilitated diffusion?
    • Brings molecules and ions together
    • Uses the same carrier protein
  • What is the significance of sodium-glucose co-transport?
    It absorbs glucose and sodium ions
  • Where does sodium-glucose co-transport occur?
    In the ileum and kidney nephron
  • What happens when sodium ions and glucose attach to a carrier protein?
    The carrier protein changes shape
  • What occurs after sodium ions and glucose enter the cell?
    They diffuse separately across the cell
  • How are sodium ions pumped out of epithelial cells?
    By active transport
  • What is the effect of pumping sodium ions out of the cell?
    It maintains the concentration gradient
  • How does glucose leave the epithelial cells?
    By facilitated diffusion into the blood