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PS2101 LEC 1
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Cards (24)
What are 'individual differences' according to the APA?
Traits
or characteristics distinguishing individuals
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Who popularised the term 'personality'?
Gordon Allport
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How is personality defined according to Allport?
Dynamic organization of
psychophysical
systems
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What are implicit personality theories?
Unconscious
ideas to understand behavior
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What is a lay definition of personality?
Judgment
of individuals in social contexts
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What is a criticism of personality definitions?
They are
broad
and not specific enough
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What is the general consensus about personality?
It is a
psychological
construct
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Why study personality?
To explain the
motivational
basis of behavior
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What do theories of personality assume about behavior patterns?
We share behavior patterns and
personalities
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When does personality develop according to diverse views?
During
childhood
and can change later
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What is the clinical approach to personality study?
Links
individual differences
to personality
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Who introduced the idea of physiognomy?
Johann Casper Lavater
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What does craniology/phrenology suggest?
Brain areas
control different
functions
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When was the British Phrenological Society disbanded?
1967
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What is a criticism of the individual difference approach?
Lack of
predictive power
in specific scenarios
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What does Colin Cooper argue about psychological theories?
They generalize behavior and overlook differences
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What do Cooper and Lubinski suggest for understanding individual differences?
Address
structural
and
process models
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What are the differences between idiographic and nomothetic approaches to studying personality?
Idiographic
: Focuses
on
individual
uniqueness
Nomothetic:
Identifies
common
traits across groups
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What do personality theorists argue about the distinction between idiographic and nomothetic approaches?
It isn't clear cut and overlaps exist
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How does culture influence personality?
Culture shapes individual personality
traits
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What is the definition of culture according to Chiu et al.?
Network of
procedural
and
declarative
knowledge
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How do individualist and collectivist cultures differ in personality descriptions?
They express
personality traits
differently
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What did Hofman et al. find about Western and Chinese personality cultures?
Different cultures describe
traits
uniquely
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What is a 'shi gu' personality in Chinese culture?
Worldly
,
reserved
, and
family-oriented
View source
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