PS2101 LEC 1

    Cards (24)

    • What are 'individual differences' according to the APA?
      Traits or characteristics distinguishing individuals
    • Who popularised the term 'personality'?
      Gordon Allport
    • How is personality defined according to Allport?
      Dynamic organization of psychophysical systems
    • What are implicit personality theories?
      Unconscious ideas to understand behavior
    • What is a lay definition of personality?
      Judgment of individuals in social contexts
    • What is a criticism of personality definitions?
      They are broad and not specific enough
    • What is the general consensus about personality?
      It is a psychological construct
    • Why study personality?
      To explain the motivational basis of behavior
    • What do theories of personality assume about behavior patterns?
      We share behavior patterns and personalities
    • When does personality develop according to diverse views?
      During childhood and can change later
    • What is the clinical approach to personality study?
      Links individual differences to personality
    • Who introduced the idea of physiognomy?
      Johann Casper Lavater
    • What does craniology/phrenology suggest?
      Brain areas control different functions
    • When was the British Phrenological Society disbanded?
      1967
    • What is a criticism of the individual difference approach?
      Lack of predictive power in specific scenarios
    • What does Colin Cooper argue about psychological theories?
      They generalize behavior and overlook differences
    • What do Cooper and Lubinski suggest for understanding individual differences?
      Address structural and process models
    • What are the differences between idiographic and nomothetic approaches to studying personality?
      • Idiographic: Focuses on individual uniqueness
      • Nomothetic: Identifies common traits across groups
    • What do personality theorists argue about the distinction between idiographic and nomothetic approaches?
      It isn't clear cut and overlaps exist
    • How does culture influence personality?
      Culture shapes individual personality traits
    • What is the definition of culture according to Chiu et al.?
      Network of procedural and declarative knowledge
    • How do individualist and collectivist cultures differ in personality descriptions?
      They express personality traits differently
    • What did Hofman et al. find about Western and Chinese personality cultures?
      Different cultures describe traits uniquely
    • What is a 'shi gu' personality in Chinese culture?
      Worldly, reserved, and family-oriented
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