DC and investigator effects

• What are demand characteristics in research?

  Changes in behavior due to study aims
• What often causes demand characteristics?

  Flaws in the design of the research
• How do demand characteristics affect participant behavior?

  Participants change behavior based on study aims
• Who found that demand characteristics occur when participants try to make sense of the research situation?

  Orne (1962)
• What is social desirability bias in the context of demand characteristics?

  Changing behavior to appear favorable
• What are investigator effects in research?

  Researcher behavior affects study results
• What is the main problem associated with investigator effects?

  Experimenter expectancy affects participant behavior
• How can investigator effects reduce the validity of research?

  By influencing participant responses unintentionally
• What is a double blind procedure?

  Neither investigator nor participants know the hypothesis
• What are some methods to reduce investigator effects?

  Standardization and random allocation of participants
• How can investigator effects be minimized in research?

  Using a double blind procedure
• Why is a double blind procedure often impractical?

  It can be too expensive or complex
• What is the role of randomization in research?

  To ensure unbiased allocation of participants