fascist italy

• Where was industry primarily located in Italy?

  In the north of Italy
• What percentage of industrial income did the industrial triangle account for in 1911?

  55%
• What resources were lacking in Italy's industry?

  Iron, steel, and coal
• What was the skill level of Italy's labor force?

  Unskilled
• What was the source of Italy's machinery?

  All machinery was imported
• What was the state of transport links in Italy during this period?

  Little to no established transport links
• By how much did industry increase between 1899 and 1910?

  It doubled
• What was the annual increase in exports during this period?

  4.5% per year
• How much did the workforce increase between 1901 and 1911?

  By 2 million
• What was the Catholic Church's stance towards the Liberal State?

  The pope was opposed to them
• How poor was the south compared to the north?

  The south was significantly poorer
• What percentage of the population could vote?

  Only 2%
• Who dominated the government in Liberal Italy?

  Wealthy liberals
• What percentage of Italians were illiterate?

  87%
• What percentage of southerners attended primary school?

  Only 18%
• What was the voting franchise expansion in 1882?

  Expanded to 25% of males
• What was the voting franchise extension in 1912?

  Increased to most males of voting age
• What was the issue with minority representation in the government?

  No representation of minority groups
• What was the political practice of trasformismo?

  backroom deals and trades made by politicians in order to maintain power and status
• What was the king's role in the government?

  The king had too much power
• How did poverty impact the North/South divide?

  Increased the divide
• What was the impact of poverty on landless laborers?

  Increase in landless laborers
• What was a consequence of poverty in Italy?

  Mass emigration out of Italy
• What health issues were prevalent due to poverty?

  Diseases and pandemics
• What percentage of all deaths were children under five?

  40%
• What was the literacy rate in Italy in 1870?

  69% were illiterate
• What were the living conditions in the south?

  Poor conditions with malnutrition
• How many died in the cholera epidemic in Naples in 1910-11?

  25,000
• How many people left southern Italy annually between 1901-1913?

  200,000 left each year
• What was the wealth distribution in northern and southern Italy in 1910?

  Northern Italy had 48% of wealth
• What percentage of taxes did northern and southern Italy pay in 1910?

  Northern Italy paid 40% of taxes
• What territories did Italy seize in 1889?

  Eritrea and Italian Somaliland
• What was the outcome of the Battle of Adowa in March 1896?

  First European defeat by an African nation
• How many casualties were there in the Battle of Adowa?

  15,000 casualties
• What socio-economic reforms did Giolliti's government implement?

  Sickness, accident, and pension schemes
• What was the minimum working age set by Giolliti's government?

  Increased to 12
• What was the maximum working hours for women and children under Giolliti?

  8 hours
• What tax did Giolliti's government reduce?

  Reduced food tax
• What type of pensions did Giolliti establish?

  Old age pensions
• What did Giolliti establish for workers?

  Public holidays