Legislation

• What are Private Bills introduced by?

  Organizations for specific actions
• What is the primary purpose of Private Bills?

  To address specific actions like infrastructure
• Who proposes Private Members' Bills?

  Individual MPs
• How are Private Members' Bills typically selected?

  Chosen via a ballot
• Why do Private Members' Bills rarely pass?

  They often lack government support
• What are Public Bills introduced by?

  The government
• What is expected of Public Bills in terms of passage?

  They are expected to pass smoothly
• How long before drafting are Public Bills often announced?

  Up to a year
• What occurs during the First Reading of a bill?

  Formal introduction with no debate
• What happens during the Second Reading?

  Detailed presentation followed by debate
• Why do many Private Members' Bills fail at the Second Reading?

  Due to lack of support and debate
• What is the role of the Public Bill Committee?

  To review and amend the bill in detail
• Who may be called during the Committee Stage?

  Witnesses
• What occurs during the Report Stage?

  The committee reports back to the Commons
• What can MPs do during the Report Stage?

  Propose further changes to the bill
• What happens during the Third Reading?

  The final version is debated
• What happens if a bill passes the Third Reading?

  It moves to the House of Lords
• What is the House of Lords Stage similar to?

  Commons readings and debates
• What is "parliamentary ping-pong"?

  Disagreements between Commons and Lords
• What is required for a bill to become law?

  Royal Assent from the monarch
• What does Royal Assent signify?

  The bill becomes an Act of Parliament
• Where do most Public Bills begin?

  In the Commons
• How long can the Lords delay legislation?

  Up to a year
• What is the Salisbury Convention?

  Prevents Lords from rejecting manifesto legislation
• How has the Salisbury Convention changed during coalition governments?

  It has weakened during minority governments