changes in the army 1500-1700

• What was the time period of changes in the army discussed?

  1500–1700
• How did warfare change between 1500 and 1700?

  Warfare became more professional with full-time soldiers
• What types of troops composed the army during this period?

  All-hired cavalry, infantry, and artillery
• What was the role of cavalry in battles during this time?

  Cavalry harassed the enemy with pistols and sabres
• How did the role of infantry change during the 1700s?

  Infantry became dominant due to new weapons and tactics
• What units made up the infantry during this period?

  Pikemen and musketeers
• What formation did pikemen use to counter cavalry charges?

  Pikemen formed a square around musketeers
• What was the role of government in hiring soldiers?

  Governments used taxes to hire soldiers
• What is a standing army?

  A permanent force of full-time soldiers
• Why did Parliament fear a standing army before the Civil War?

  They feared it would make the king too powerful
• What significant action did Parliament take during the Civil War?

  Parliament set up a standing army to fight
• What was Oliver Cromwell's role in the New Model Army?

  He was key in setting it up and led cavalry
• What did Cromwell emphasize in military leadership?

  Strategy and battlefield successes over social status
• What were the key developments in the timeline of standing armies?

  • 1485: Henry VII established a standing army
  • 1642–49: English Civil War, Parliament's standing army formed
  • 1660–88: King attempted to control standing army
  • 1688 onwards: Standing army continued to increase
• What was the impact of the New Model Army on politics between 1640 and 1660?

  It interfered in politics and government
• When did the agreement to form a standing army occur?

  By 1775
• What are three changes and three examples of continuity in warfare from 1500–1700?

  Changes:

  • Professional soldiers employed full-time
  • Dominance of infantry with new tactics
  • Increased use of standing armies

  
  

  Continuity:

  • Cavalry retained specialist roles
  • Use of mercenaries continued
  • Importance of strategy in battles