Uses of elements and their compounds

• What is the focus of Unit 1 in the study material?

  Chemistry
• Why are the properties of elements and compounds important?

  They determine their various uses
• What are some uses of non-metal oxides?

  • Boron trioxide (B₂O₃): glass manufacture
  • Carbon dioxide (CO₂): fizzy drinks, fire extinguishers
  • Nitrous oxide (N₂O): pain relief
  • Silicon dioxide (SiO₂): food additive
  • Phosphorus pentoxide (P₂O₅): removes water in chemicals
  • Sulfur dioxide (SO₂): manufacture of sulfuric acid
• What is the use of boron trioxide (B₂O₃)?

  Glass manufacture
• How is carbon dioxide (CO₂) used in beverages?

  To make drinks fizzy
• What is the role of nitrous oxide (N₂O) in medicine?

  It provides pain relief during operations
• What is silicon dioxide (SiO₂) used for?

  As a food additive
• What does phosphorus pentoxide (P₂O₅) do in the chemical industry?

  Removes water from organic molecules
• What is sulfur dioxide (SO₂) used for in industry?

  Manufacture of sulfuric acid
• What are some uses of metal oxides and hydroxides?

  • Aluminium oxide (Al₂O₃): abrasive paper
  • Magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)₂): antacid medicine
  • Sodium hydroxide (NaOH): drain cleaner
• What is the use of aluminium oxide (Al₂O₃)?

  In abrasive paper
• How does magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)₂) function in medicine?

  It neutralizes excess HCl in the stomach
• What is sodium hydroxide (NaOH) commonly used for?

  As a drain cleaner
• What is sodium chloride used for in the chemical industry?

  • Raw material for electrolysis
  • Produces hydrogen, chlorine, sodium hydroxide
  • Readily available and soluble in water
• What is sodium chloride (NaCl) used for in food?

  As a flavoring and preservative
• Why is potassium sulfate (K₂SO₄) used as a fertilizer?

  It is very soluble and contains essential minerals
• What is the function of magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄) and sodium sulfate (Na₂SO₄)?

  They act as drying agents
• Why is calcium sulfate (CaSO₄) important in construction?

  It is a key component of plaster
• What are some uses of transition metals?

  • Copper: electrical wiring
  • Vanadium: added to steel for hardness
  • Titanium: used in aircraft manufacture
• What is copper used for in industry?

  Electrical wiring
• Why is vanadium added to steel?

  To increase hardness and wear resistance
• What is the advantage of using titanium in aircraft manufacture?

  It is strong yet less dense than steel
• What is the overall theme of the study material?

  • Uses of elements and compounds
  • Properties linked to their applications