bioenergetics

• what is a catalyst

  somethig that soeeds up a chemical reaction
• What is the photosynthesis word equation?

  Water + carbon dioxide -> glucose + oxygen
• What is the photosynthesis symbol equation?

  6H20 + 6CO2 —> C6H12O6 + 6O2
• Where does photosynthesis take place?

  Chloroplast
• What is the name of the cell where photosynthesis takes place?

  Palisade plant cell
• Where are chloroplasts located needed for photosynthesis?

  Palisade layer of the cell
• What are the advantages of chloroplasts being in the palisade layer

  - have lots of chloroplasts to maximise the amount of sunlight they absorb

  - located at the top of the leaf to maximise the amount of sunlight they absorb
• What is the rate of photosynthesis

  How much oxygen is produced in a certain amount of time.
• What is the independent variable in the experiment (changed)

  The distance of the lamp/light
• what is the dependent variable of the experiment (measured)

  volume of oxygen produced
• what is the control variable of the experiment (kept same)

  species of pond weed. strength of bulb, temperature of water, mass of pond weed, amount of time
• what are ways to improve volality

  - add a substance that absorbs water

  - using a water bath to maintain temperature

  - use a syringe so accurate volume can be measured
• what is a limiting factor

  a factor that prevents the rate of photosynthesis increasing
• what are limiting factors for photosynthesis

  - volume of carbon dioxide

  - light

  - temperature
• explain how the light intensity becomes the limiting factor

  as light intensity increases, the rate of photosynthesis increases steeply. at a certain light intensity the rate now stops increasing/ remains constant. there are no limiting factors here. the rate plateaus because light is not the limiting factor so co2 or temperature must be the limiting factor
• explain how carbon dioxide could be the limiting factor

  as the carbon dioxide concentration increases the rate of photosynthesis increases rapidly. at a certain carbon dioxide concentration the rate of photosynthesis remains constant. there are no limiting factors here but the rate plateaus because temperature or light is the limiting factor.
• explain how temperature could be the limiting factor

  as the temperature increases the rate of photosynthesis increases sharply. the rate of photosynthesis now decreases sharply. rate increases due to enzymes having more KE. enzymes have denatured
• how do plants get energy to make glucose

  from sunlight and chlorophyll
• what is the relationship between light intensity and distance2

  directly proportional
• what are the uses of glucose

  1. generating energy in aerobic respiration

  2. turn glucose into amino acids which are used to make proteins needed for growth

  3. turn glucose into cellulose to make cell wall

  4. turn glucose into lipids

  5. glucose gets turned into starch because it's insoluble for storage starch
• how do plants lose water

  transpiration
• what is the process of aerobic respiration

  1. the gas we breathe in is oxygen

  2. oxygen moves around the body in the blood

  3. it travels on the haemoglobin

  4. it is headed to all the cells of the body

  5. it gets into the cell by diffusion

  6. oxygen is required in the mitochondria
• What is aerobic respiration?

  the breakdown of glucose and oxygen in the mitochondria to release energy for life processes
• what is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

  glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water + energy
• what is the symbol equation for aerobic respiration

  C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
• Where does respiration occur in?

  animals and plant cells
• What is anaerobic respiration?


  respiration when no oxygen is present
• what is glucose


  lactic acid + energy
• what are the similarities between aerobic and anaerobic respiration

  - they both produce energy

  - glucose present in both
• what are the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration

  - aerobic respiration needs oxygen but anaerobic doesn't

  - aerobic produces carbon sílice and water but anaerobic doesn't

  - lactic acid is produced in anaerobic respiration but not in aerobic
• how can athletes get tired

  - obstacle is easy to complete as sufficient oxygen in the athlete. enough energy to complete the task carrying out aerobic respiration

  - oxygen levels begin to decreases so there was a switch to anaerobic respiration which meant that some energy could still be produced in the muscles

  - build up of lactic acid which proved it was anaerobic (pain caused)
• what are features of aerobic respiration?

  - oxygen present

  - occurs in the mitochondria

  - occurs when oxygen is present

  - produces more energy

  - glucose gets broken down fully

  - carbon dioxide produced

  - water produced
• what are the features of anaerobic respiration

  - oxygen not present

  - occurs during intense exercise or when oxygen is not present

  - produces less energy

  - glucose gets broken down partly

  - lactic acid produced

  - occurs in the cytoplasm
• what happens in anaerobic respiration in yeast

  glucose turns into ethanol and carbon dioxide (called fermentation)
• what is a catalyst

  somethig that soeeds up a chemical reaction
• What is the photosynthesis word equation?

  Water + carbon dioxide -> glucose + oxygen
• What is the photosynthesis symbol equation?

  6H20 + 6CO2 —> C6H12O6 + 6O2
• Where does photosynthesis take place?

  Chloroplast
• What is the name of the cell where photosynthesis takes place?

  Palisade plant cell
• Where are chloroplasts located needed for photosynthesis?

  Palisade layer of the cell