chromosomes and mitosis

• What is necessary for cells to survive and grow?

  Cells must be able to divide
• Where is genetic material found in most cells?

  In the nucleus
• What do chromosomes consist of?

  Coiled lengths of DNA molecules
• What do chromosomes carry?

  A large number of genes
• What do different genes control?

  The development of different characteristics
• How many copies of each chromosome do body cells normally have?

  Two copies
• From whom do humans inherit their chromosomes?

  One from the mother and one from the father
• How many pairs of chromosomes are in a human cell?

  23 pairs
• What is the cell cycle?

  A series of stages for cell division
• What is the stage of the cell cycle when the cell divides?

  Mitosis
• Why do multicellular organisms use mitosis?

  To grow or replace damaged cells
• What is the result of the cell cycle?

  Two new cells identical to the original
• What are the two main stages of the cell cycle?

  • Growth
  • DNA Replication
• What happens to DNA in a non-dividing cell?

  It is spread out in long strings
• What must a cell do before it divides?

  Grow and increase subcellular structures
• What does the cell duplicate before division?

  Its DNA
• What shape do chromosomes take after DNA duplication?

  X-shaped chromosomes
• What is true about the arms of duplicated chromosomes?

  Each arm is an exact duplicate
• What happens during mitosis regarding chromosomes?

  Chromosomes line up at the cell center
• What pulls the chromosomes apart during mitosis?

  Cell fibers
• What forms around each set of chromosomes after mitosis?

  Membranes that become nuclei
• What divides last in the process of mitosis?

  The cytoplasm and cell membrane
• What do the daughter cells contain after mitosis?

  Identical DNA to the parent cell
• What is the overall process of mitosis?

  1. DNA is copied
  2. Chromosomes line up at the center
  3. Cell fibers pull chromosomes apart
  4. Membranes form around each set of chromosomes
  5. Cytoplasm and cell membrane divide
  6. Two identical daughter cells are produced