learning

• What is the learning approach in psychology?

  Behaviour is a learned response to stimuli
• Who is associated with classical conditioning?

  Pavlov
• Who is associated with operant conditioning?

  Skinner
• What does social learning theory emphasize?

  Learning through observation and modeling
• What is operant conditioning?

  Behaviour change as a response to consequences
• What effect does reinforcement have on behaviour?

  It increases the likelihood of behaviour
• How is aggression acquired according to the text?

  Through positive reinforcement
• Why is aggression considered instrumental?

  It effectively gains rewards
• What type of reinforcement did Skinner argue strengthens behaviour?

  Variable interval reinforcement
• What are tangible rewards mentioned in the text?

  Money, sex, food
• What did Patterson et al. (1967) find about tangible rewards?

  They positively reinforced child aggression
• What are intangible rewards mentioned in the text?

  Pleasurable feelings and social status
• How do bullies benefit from positive reinforcement?

  Through enjoyment and social status
• What was the Doll Test about?

  Children's feelings about racial segregation
• What did children in the Doll Test perceive about the white doll?

  It was seen as good
• What did children in the Doll Test perceive about the black doll?

  It was seen as bad
• How do children learn views according to the text?

  From their environment and role models
• What role does media play in children's learning?

  It influences their perceptions and behaviors
• What is observational learning?

  Learning specific behaviours by observing models
• What is vicarious reinforcement?

  Learning through others' consequences
• What does self-efficacy refer to?

  Confidence in achieving rewards through aggression
• What did Bandura emphasize in social learning theory?

  The role of cognitive processes