Civilian experience of war

Cards (28)

  • What increased the impact of war on civilians?
    The rising cost and scale of warfare
  • How did technology affect social attitudes towards war?
    It made the reality of war clearer
  • What were the conditions like in the army during this period?
    Poor at home and worse abroad
  • Why was the army under strength during this period?
    Due to a lack of recruits and desertion
  • How did soldiers have to manage their pay?
    Pay was less than a labourer's
  • What expenses did soldiers have to cover?
    Food, accommodation, and equipment
  • What was lacking for soldiers between 1700 and 1800?
    No army barracks for soldiers
  • What problems did towns face due to soldiers?
    Disturbances and disrupted trade
  • What did the 1757 Militia Act provoke?
    Riots due to serving abroad rumors
  • How did newspaper reporting change from 1815 to 1850?
    Sales increased from 5,000 to 40,000 copies
  • What role did steam trains play in newspaper distribution?
    They distributed national and provincial papers
  • Who was William Howard Russell?
    A journalist for *The Times* during the Crimea
  • How quickly did Russell send dispatches from the Crimea?
    In five hours
  • How many journalists were sent to the Boer War?
    300 journalists
  • What was the impact of films showing the Boer War?
    They allowed non-readers to follow the news
  • What were the requisitioning practices in 1700?
    • Relied on requisitioning wagons and animals
    • Had no transport of its own
    • Ships were requisitioned during wartime
  • How much did the army cost in 1700?
    About £1 million
  • What was the cost of the army in the mid-18th century?
    About £5 million
  • How did the burden of army costs change with population growth?
    It became relatively small
  • How much did wartime taxes rise during the wars against France?
    Cost around £25 million a year
  • What developments occurred in requisitioning by 1855 and 1888?
    • 1855: Land Transport Corps created
    • 1888: Army Service Corps established
  • What impact did Roger Fenton's photographs have?
    They influenced public opinion on war conditions
  • What were the societal attitudes towards war during this period?
    • Jingoism and imperialism from successes
    • Some turned to pacifism
  • What concerns arose from the Boer War regarding recruits?
    Quality of recruits due to army performance
  • How much did *The Times* fund for sick and wounded soldiers raise?
    £5,000 in a week
  • What is the equivalent of £5,000 today?
    £3 million today
  • Who took the photograph of the Camp of the 5th Dragoon Guards?
    Roger Fenton
  • What conditions were depicted in Fenton's photographs?
    Harsh winter conditions for soldiers