Upper limb

• What type of bones are included in the upper limb?

  Long bones and short bones
• What does the appendicular skeleton comprise?

  The bones of the upper and lower limbs
• What are the regions of the upper limb?

  • Shoulder (pectoral)
  • Arm
  • Forearm
  • Hand
  • Proximal
  • Distal
• What does the shoulder girdle attach to?

  Upper limbs to the trunk
• What are the two joints of the shoulder girdle?

  Scapulothoracic joint and sternoclavicular joint
• What articulates at the scapulothoracic joint?

  Scapula with the chest wall
• What is the function of the sternoclavicular joint?

  It provides the only true bony attachment
• What type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?

  Plane style synovial joint
• What is the shape of the scapula?

  Flat triangular bone
• What does the clavicle connect?

  Axial and appendicular skeleton
• What articulates at the acromioclavicular joint?

  Acromion process of scapula and clavicle
• What type of joint is the acromioclavicular joint?

  Plane synovial joint
• What articulates at the glenohumeral joint?

  Head of humerus and scapula
• What type of joint is the glenohumeral joint?

  Ball and socket synovial joint
• What is the humerus classified as?

  Long bone
• What does the humerus attach to distally?

  Radius and ulna at the elbow
• What are the two joints of the elbow?

  • Hinge joint (elbow joint)
  • Radiohumeral articulation
  • Ulnohumeral articulation
  • Radioulnar joint (pivot joint)
• What type of joint is the elbow joint?

  Hinge joint
• What articulates at the radiohumeral joint?

  Capitellum of humerus and radial head
• What articulates at the ulnohumeral joint?

  Trochlea of humerus and ulna
• What is the function of the radioulnar joint?

  Facilitates forearm supination and pronation
• What are the bones of the forearm?

  • Radius
  • Ulna
• What are the types of joints in the wrist and hand?

  • Radiocarpal joint (condyloid)
  • Intercarpal joints (plane)
  • Carpometacarpal joints (plane)
  • Metacarpophalangeal joints (condyloid)
  • Interphalangeal joints (hinge)
• What type of joint is the radiocarpal joint?

  Condyloid joint
• What articulates at the radiocarpal joint?

  Distal end of radius and proximal carpal bones
• What type of joints are intercarpal joints?

  Plane joints
• What type of joints are carpometacarpal joints?

  Plane joints
• What type of joints are metacarpophalangeal joints?

  Condyloid joints
• What type of joints are interphalangeal joints?

  Hinge joints
• What are the names of the proximal carpals?

  • Scaphoid
  • Lunate
  • Triquetrum
  • Pisiform
• What are the names of the distal carpals?

  • Trapezium
  • Trapezoid
  • Capitate
  • Hamate
• What mnemonic helps remember the carpal bones?

  Some Lovers Try Positions That They Can't Handle
• What are the aims of the session on the upper limb?

  Identify bones, musculature, joints, and nerves
• What type of muscles originate from the trunk and insert into the clavicle, scapula, or humerus?

  Extrinsic muscles
• What are the superficial extrinsic muscles of the shoulder region?

  • Pectoralis major
  • Trapezius
  • Latissimus dorsi
• What are the deep extrinsic muscles of the shoulder region?

  • Pectoralis minor
  • Serratus anterior
  • Levator scapulae
  • Rhomboids (major & minor)
• What is the origin of the pectoralis major muscle?

  Clavicular head and sternocostal head
• What is the action of the pectoralis major muscle?

  Flexes, adducts, and medially rotates the arm
• What nerve innervates the pectoralis major muscle?

  Medial and lateral pectoral nerves
• What is the origin of the trapezius muscle?

  Skull, nuchal ligament, C7-T12 spinous processes